Chapter Thirteen
TRINAJSTO POGLAVJE
Nature, the Enjoyer and Consciousness
Narava, uživalec in zavest
- TEXTS 1-2:
- Arjuna said: O my dear Kṛṣṇa, I wish to know about prakṛti [nature], puruṣa [the enjoyer], and the field and the knower of the field, and of knowledge and the object of knowledge. The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: This body, O son of Kuntī, is called the field, and one who knows this body is called the knower of the field.
- VERZ 1-2:
- Arjuna je rekel: Dragi moj Kṛṣṇa, rad bi poznal prakṛti [naravo], puruṣo [uživalca], polje delovanja in njegovega poznavalca ter vedel, kaj je znanje in kaj predmet spoznavanja.
Vsevišnji Gospod je odgovoril: Telo, o Kuntījin sin, se imenuje polje delovanja, kdor pozna telo, pa je poznavalec polja
- TEXT 3:
- O scion of Bharata, you should understand that I am also the knower in all bodies, and to understand this body and its knower is called knowledge. That is My opinion.
- VERZ 3:
- Vedi, o Bharatov potomec, da sem Jaz prav tako poznavalec polja, vendar ne le v enem, temveč v vseh telesih. Imeti znanje pa pomeni poznati naravo telesa in njegovega poznavalca. To je moja sodba.
- TEXT 4:
- Now please hear My brief description of this field of activity and how it is constituted, what its changes are, whence it is produced, who that knower of the field of activities is, and what his influences are.
- VERZ 4:
- Zdaj ti bom na kratko opisal polje delovanja, njegovo sestavo, spremembe, katerim je podložno, in njegov izvor ter ti pojasnil, kdo je poznavalec polja delovanja in kako vpliva nanj. Prosim te, prisluhni.
- TEXT 5:
- That knowledge of the field of activities and of the knower of activities is described by various sages in various Vedic writings. It is especially presented in Vedānta-sūtra with all reasoning as to cause and effect.
- VERZ 5:
- Polje delovanja in njegovega poznavalca so modreci opisali v različnih vedskih spisih. Posebej podrobno, z razlago vseh vzrokov in posledic, sta predstavljena v Vedānta-sūtri.
- TEXTS 6-7:
- The five great elements, false ego, intelligence, the unmanifested, the ten senses and the mind, the five sense objects, desire, hatred, happiness, distress, the aggregate, the life symptoms, and convictions – all these are considered, in summary, to be the field of activities and its interactions.
- VERZ 6-7:
- Pet elementov grobe materije, lažni ego, inteligenca, nepojavno, deset čutov in um, pet predmetov čutne zaznave, poželenje, sovraštvo, sreča, nesreča, celota vseh teh, življenjski znaki in prepričanja – vse to so, na kratko, elementi polja delovanja in posledice njihovih medsebojnih vplivov.
- TEXTS 8-12:
- Humility; pridelessness; nonviolence; tolerance; simplicity; approaching a bona fide spiritual master; cleanliness; steadiness; self-control; renunciation of the objects of sense gratification; absence of false ego; the perception of the evil of birth, death, old age and disease; detachment; freedom from entanglement with children, wife, home and the rest; even-mindedness amid pleasant and unpleasant events; constant and unalloyed devotion to Me; aspiring to live in a solitary place; detachment from the general mass of people; accepting the importance of self-realization; and philosophical search for the Absolute Truth – all these I declare to be knowledge, and besides this whatever there may be is ignorance.
- VERZ 8-12:
- Ponižnost, odsotnost ponosa, nenasilnost, potrpljenje, prostodušnost, služenje verodostojnemu duhovnemu učitelju, čistost, stanovitnost, samoobvladanost, odpovedovanje predmetom čutnega uživanja, odsotnost lažnega ega, zavedanje, da rojstvo, smrt, starost in bolezen prinašajo trpljenje, nenavezanost, neodvisnost od otrok, žene, doma itn., notranje ravnovesje ob prijetnih in neprijetnih dogodkih, neomajno in neskaljeno vdanost Meni, željo po življenju v samoti, odmaknjenost od posvetnih ljudi, zavedanje o pomembnosti samospoznavanja in filozofsko iskanje Absolutne Resnice – to razglašam za znanje, vse drugo pa za nevednost.
- TEXT 13:
- I shall now explain the knowable, knowing which you will taste the eternal. Brahman, the spirit, beginningless and subordinate to Me, lies beyond the cause and effect of this material world.
- VERZ 13:
- Zdaj ti bom pojasnil predmet spoznavanja, z razumevanjem katerega boš okusil večnost. Brahman, duh, je brez začetka in je podrejen Meni ter ni ne vzrok ne posledica dogajanja v materialnem svetu.
- TEXT 15:
- The Supersoul is the original source of all senses, yet He is without senses. He is unattached, although He is the maintainer of all living beings. He transcends the modes of nature, and at the same time He is the master of all the modes of material nature.
- VERZ 15:
- Gospod je kot Nadduša praizvor vseh čutov, pa vendar sam nima čutov. Čeprav vzdržuje vsa živa bitja, ni na nič navezan. Nad guṇami materialne narave je in je obenem njihov gospodar.
- TEXT 16:
- The Supreme Truth exists outside and inside of all living beings, the moving and the nonmoving. Because He is subtle, He is beyond the power of the material senses to see or to know. Although far, far away, He is also near to all.
- VERZ 16:
- Gospod, Vrhovna Resnica, prebiva zunaj in znotraj vseh živih bitij, tako premičnih kakor nepremičnih. Ker je neotipljiv, Ga z materialnimi čuti ni mogoče zaznati ali spoznati. Čeprav je daleč daleč stran, je obenem tudi blizu vsem.
- TEXT 17:
- Although the Supersoul appears to be divided among all beings, He is never divided. He is situated as one. Although He is the maintainer of every living entity, it is to be understood that He devours and develops all.
- VERZ 17:
- Čeprav je Gospod kot Nadduša navidez razdeljen med vsa živa bitja, je v resnici en sam in nerazdeljen. Vzdrževalec vseh živih bitij je, obenem pa jih tudi uniči in omogoči njihov razvoj.
- TEXT 18:
- He is the source of light in all luminous objects. He is beyond the darkness of matter and is unmanifested. He is knowledge, He is the object of knowledge, and He is the goal of knowledge. He is situated in everyone’s heart.
- VERZ 18:
- Vir svetlobe vseh sijočih teles je. Nad temo materije je in je nezaznaven. Gospod kot Nadduša je znanje, predmet spoznavanja in cilj znanja. Prebiva v srcu vsakega živega bitja.
- TEXT 19:
- Thus the field of activities [the body], knowledge and the knowable have been summarily described by Me. Only My devotees can understand this thoroughly and thus attain to My nature.
- VERZ 19:
- Tako sem ti na kratko opisal polje delovanja [telo], znanje in predmet spoznavanja. Samo Moji bhakte lahko vse to pravilno razumejo in si tako pridobijo naravo, kakršna je Moja.
- TEXT 20:
- Material nature and the living entities should be understood to be beginningless. Their transformations and the modes of matter are products of material nature.
- VERZ 20:
- Vedi, da materialna narava in živa bitja nimajo začetka. Vzrok njihovih preobrazb in izvor materialnih guṇ je materialna narava.
- TEXT 21:
- Nature is said to be the cause of all material causes and effects, whereas the living entity is the cause of the various sufferings and enjoyments in this world.
- VERZ 21:
- Rečeno je, da je narava vzrok vseh materialnih vzrokov in posledic, živo bitje pa vzrok raznovrstnega trpljenja in užitkov, ki jih doživlja v tem svetu.
- TEXT 22:
- The living entity in material nature thus follows the ways of life, enjoying the three modes of nature. This is due to his association with that material nature. Thus he meets with good and evil among various species.
- VERZ 22:
- Tako živo bitje v materialnem svetu stopa po poti življenja in uživa tri guṇe materialne narave. Vzrok za to je njegov stik z materialno naravo. V različnih življenjskih vrstah se tako srečuje z dobrim in zlim.
- TEXT 23:
- Yet in this body there is another, a transcendental enjoyer, who is the Lord, the supreme proprietor, who exists as the overseer and permitter, and who is known as the Supersoul.
- VERZ 23:
- V telesu pa je še en, transcendentalni uživalec. To je Gospod, vrhovni lastnik vsega, ki nadzoruje živo bitje in odobri njegova dejanja ter je znan kot Nadduša.
- TEXT 24:
- One who understands this philosophy concerning material nature, the living entity and the interaction of the modes of nature is sure to attain liberation. He will not take birth here again, regardless of his present position.
- VERZ 24:
- Kdor razume to filozofijo, ki razlaga materialno naravo, živo bitje in vzajemno delovanje guṇ narave, bo zagotovo dosegel osvoboditev. Ne bo se znova rodil v tem svetu, ne glede na to, kakšen je njegov sedanji položaj.
- TEXT 25:
- Some perceive the Supersoul within themselves through meditation, others through the cultivation of knowledge, and still others through working without fruitive desires.
- VERZ 25:
- Nekateri uzrejo Naddušo v sebi z meditacijo, nekateri s pridobivanjem znanja, nekateri pa z delovanjem brez želje po uživanju.
- TEXT 26:
- Again there are those who, although not conversant in spiritual knowledge, begin to worship the Supreme Person upon hearing about Him from others. Because of their tendency to hear from authorities, they also transcend the path of birth and death.
- VERZ 26:
- So pa tudi taki, ki sicer nimajo duhovnega znanja, kljub temu pa začnejo častiti Vsevišnjega Gospoda, ko slišijo o Njem od drugih. Zaradi želje po poslušanju tistih, ki imajo duhovno znanje, tudi oni zapustijo pot rojstva in smrti.
- TEXT 27:
- O chief of the Bhāratas, know that whatever you see in existence, both the moving and the nonmoving, is only a combination of the field of activities and the knower of the field.
- VERZ 27:
- O največji med Bhāratami, vedi, da je vse, kar obstaja, tako premično kot nepremično, le spoj polja delovanja in njegovega poznavalca.
- TEXT 28:
- One who sees the Supersoul accompanying the individual soul in all bodies, and who understands that neither the soul nor the Supersoul within the destructible body is ever destroyed, actually sees.
- VERZ 28:
- Kdor v vsakem telesu vidi Naddušo in individualno dušo ter razume, da duša in Nadduša v uničljivem telesu sami nikoli nista uničeni, vidi stvari take, kakršne so.
- TEXT 29:
- One who sees the Supersoul equally present everywhere, in every living being, does not degrade himself by his mind. Thus he approaches the transcendental destination.
- VERZ 29:
- Kdor vidi, da Nadduša prebiva povsod, brez razlike, v vsakem živem bitju, umu ne da možnosti, da bi mu škodil. Tako doseže transcendentalni cilj.
- TEXT 30:
- One who can see that all activities are performed by the body, which is created of material nature, and sees that the self does nothing, actually sees.
- VERZ 30:
- Kdor vidi, da vse dejavnosti v resnici opravlja telo, ki je stvaritev materialne narave, in da sama duša ni dejavna, resnično vidi.
- TEXT 31:
- When a sensible man ceases to see different identities due to different material bodies and he sees how beings are expanded everywhere, he attains to the Brahman conception.
- VERZ 31:
- Ko razsoden človek ne vidi več razlike med živimi bitji v različnih materialnih telesih in ve, da so živa bitja vsepovsod, doseže spoznanje Brahmana.
- TEXT 32:
- Those with the vision of eternity can see that the imperishable soul is transcendental, eternal, and beyond the modes of nature. Despite contact with the material body, O Arjuna, the soul neither does anything nor is entangled.
- VERZ 32:
- Tisti, ki so zazrti v večnost, vidijo, da je nesmrtna duša transcendentalna, večna ter onstran guṇ materialne narave. Čeprav je v stiku z materialnim telesom, o Arjuna, ne deluje in se nikoli v nič ne zaplete.
- TEXT 33:
- The sky, due to its subtle nature, does not mix with anything, although it is all-pervading. Similarly, the soul situated in Brahman vision does not mix with the body, though situated in that body.
- VERZ 33:
- Eter je subtilen in se zato ne meša z ničemer, čeprav je vsepovsod. Prav tako se duša z vizijo Brahmana ne meša s telesom, čeprav prebiva v njem.
- TEXT 34:
- O son of Bharata, as the sun alone illuminates all this universe, so does the living entity, one within the body, illuminate the entire body by consciousness.
- VERZ 34:
- O Bharatov potomec, kakor sonce sámo razsvetljuje vse vesolje, tako utelešeno živo bitje z zavestjo razsvetljuje celo telo.
- TEXT 35:
- Those who see with eyes of knowledge the difference between the body and the knower of the body, and can also understand the process of liberation from bondage in material nature, attain to the supreme goal.
- VERZ 35:
- Tisti, ki z očmi znanja vidijo razliko med telesom in poznavalcem telesa ter poznajo metodo, ki omogoča osvoboditev iz materialne narave, dosežejo najvišji cilj.