TEXT 46

Texte

Text

tapasvibhyo ’dhiko yogī
jñānibhyo ’pi mato ’dhikaḥ
karmibhyaś cādhiko yogī
tasmād yogī bhavārjuna

Synonyms

tapasvibhyaḥ: que les ascètes; adhikaḥ: plus grand; yogī: le yogī; jñānibhyaḥ: que les sages; api: aussi; mataḥ: considéré; adhikaḥ: plus grand; karmibhyaḥ: que ceux qui agissent pour leur profit; ca: aussi; adhikaḥ: plus grand; yogī: le yogī; tasmāt: donc; yogī: un spiritualiste; bhava: deviens; arjuna: ô Arjuna.

tapasvibhyaḥ — than the ascetics; adhikaḥ — greater; yogī — the yogī; jñānibhyaḥ — than the wise; api — also; mataḥ — considered; adhikaḥ — greater; karmibhyaḥ — than the fruitive workers; ca — also; adhikaḥ — greater; yogī — the yogī; tasmāt — therefore; yogī — a transcendentalist; bhava — just become; arjuna — O Arjuna.

Translation

Le yogī est plus élevé que l’ascète, plus avancé que le philosophe empiriste et plus grand que l’homme qui aspire aux fruits de l’acte. En toutes circonstances, sois donc un yogī, ô Arjuna.

A yogī is greater than the ascetic, greater than the empiricist and greater than the fruitive worker. Therefore, O Arjuna, in all circumstances, be a yogī.

Purport

Le mot yoga se réfère à la méthode permettant de relier la conscience à la Vérité Suprême et Absolue. Selon qu’on adopte telle ou telle pratique, le yoga porte différents noms. Ainsi le nomme-t-on karma-yoga, lorsqu’il s’agit de privilégier l’action intéressée, jñāna-yoga, lorsqu’il est question de recherche philosophique, et bhakti-yoga, lorsque prime le lien dévotionnel qui unit l’être distinct au Seigneur Suprême. Ce dernier, qu’on appelle également conscience de Kṛṣṇa, est, comme le montrera le prochain verset, le plus grand des yogas.

Le Seigneur déclare ici la supériorité du yoga, mais Il ne le dit pas supérieur au bhakti-yoga. Aucun yoga ne peut dépasser en excellence le bhakti-yoga, qui est la connaissance spirituelle complète. Sans connaissance du soi, l’ascétisme reste toujours incomplet; sans abandon au Seigneur Souverain, le savoir empirique est également imparfait; quant aux actes intéressés, s’ils ne sont empreints de conscience divine, ils ne sont qu’une perte de temps. La forme de yoga la plus élevée dont on parle ici est donc le bhakti-yoga, comme l’explique plus clairement encore le verset suivant.

When we speak of yoga we refer to linking our consciousness with the Supreme Absolute Truth. Such a process is named differently by various practitioners in terms of the particular method adopted. When the linking process is predominantly in fruitive activities it is called karma-yoga, when it is predominantly empirical it is called jñāna-yoga, and when it is predominantly in a devotional relationship with the Supreme Lord it is called bhakti-yoga. Bhakti-yoga, or Kṛṣṇa consciousness, is the ultimate perfection of all yogas, as will be explained in the next verse. The Lord has confirmed herein the superiority of yoga, but He has not mentioned that it is better than bhakti-yoga. Bhakti-yoga is full spiritual knowledge, and therefore nothing can excel it. Asceticism without self-knowledge is imperfect. Empiric knowledge without surrender to the Supreme Lord is also imperfect. And fruitive work without Kṛṣṇa consciousness is a waste of time. Therefore, the most highly praised form of yoga performance mentioned here is bhakti-yoga, and this is still more clearly explained in the next verse.