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Tekst

Text

śrī-bhagavān uvāca
imaṁ vivasvate yogaṁ
proktavān aham avyayam
vivasvān manave prāha
manur ikṣvākave ’bravīt

Synonyms

śrī-bhagavān uvāca — Jumala Kõrgeim Isiksus ütles; imam — seda; vivasvate — päikesejumalale; yogam — teadust elusolendi suhetest Kõigekõrgemaga; proktavān — juhendasin; aham — Mina; avyayam — hävitamatu; vivasvān — Vivasvān (päikesejumala nimi); manave — inimkonna esiisale (Vaivasvatale); prāha — jutustas; manuḥ — inimkonna esiisa; ikṣvākave — kuningas Ikṣvākule; abravīt — ütles.

śrī-bhagavān uvāca — the Supreme Personality of Godhead said; imam — this; vivasvate — unto the sun-god; yogam — the science of one’s relationship to the Supreme; proktavān — instructed; aham — I; avyayam — imperishable; vivasvān — Vivasvān (the sun-god’s name); manave — unto the father of mankind (of the name Vaivasvata); prāha — told; manuḥ — the father of mankind; ikṣvākave — unto King Ikṣvāku; abravīt — said.

Translation

Jumala Kõrgeim Isiksus, Śrī Kṛṣṇa ütles: Mina õpetasin seda hävitamatut joogateadust päikesejumal Vivasvānile. Tema andis need teadmised edasi inimkonna esiisale Manule, kes omakorda õpetas seda teadust Ikṣvākule.

The Personality of Godhead, Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, said: I instructed this imperishable science of yoga to the sun-god, Vivasvān, and Vivasvān instructed it to Manu, the father of mankind, and Manu in turn instructed it to Ikṣvāku.

Purport

Selles värsis räägitakse „Bhagavad-gītā" ajaloost alates kaugetest aegadest, kui „Bhagavad-gītā" jutustati esmalt Päikese ja seejärel kõikide teiste planeetide kuninglikele suguvõsadele. Kõikide planeetide kuningate ülesandeks on kaitsta oma planeedi elanikke ning seepärast on troonihoidjale kohustuslik mõista „Bhagavad-gītā" teadust, et olla võimeline juhtima kodanikke ja kaitsma neid iha materiaalsetesse köidikutesse langemise eest. Inimelu on mõeldud vaimsete teadmiste arendamiseks igavestes suhetes Jumala Kõrgeima Isiksusega ning kõikide riikide ja planeetide võimuorganite juhid on kohustatud andma neid teadmisi edasi oma kodanikele hariduse, kultuuri ja pühendumuse näol. Teisisõnu öeldes on kõikide riikide täidesaatvate organite juhtide ülesanne levitada teadust Kṛṣṇa teadvusest nii, et inimesed, omades seda suurt teadust, suudaksid edukalt käia õiget teed, kasutades nõnda ära inimkehas sündimise poolt pakutavad võimalused.

Herein we find the history of the Bhagavad-gītā traced from a remote time when it was delivered to the royal order of all planets, beginning from the sun planet. The kings of all planets are especially meant for the protection of the inhabitants, and therefore the royal order should understand the science of Bhagavad-gītā in order to be able to rule the citizens and protect them from material bondage to lust. Human life is meant for cultivation of spiritual knowledge, in eternal relationship with the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and the executive heads of all states and all planets are obliged to impart this lesson to the citizens by education, culture and devotion. In other words, the executive heads of all states are intended to spread the science of Kṛṣṇa consciousness so that the people may take advantage of this great science and pursue a successful path, utilizing the opportunity of the human form of life.

Käesoleval ajastul tuntakse päikesejumalat Vivasvānina, Päikese (mis on kõikide universumi planeetide alge) kuningana. „Brahma-saṁhitās" (5.52) öeldakse:

In this millennium, the sun-god is known as Vivasvān, the king of the sun, which is the origin of all planets within the solar system. In the Brahma-saṁhitā (5.52) it is stated:

yac-cakṣur eṣa savitā sakala-grahāṇāṁ
rājā samasta-sura-mūrtir aśeṣa-tejāḥ
yasyājñayā bhramati sambhṛta-kāla-cakro
govindam ādi-puruṣaṁ tam ahaṁ bhajāmi

Brahmā ütles: „Lubage mul kummardada Jumala Kõrgeima Isiksuse, Govinda [Kṛṣṇa] ees, kes on kõige alge ning kelle korralduse kohaselt Päike, mis on kõikide planeetide kuningas, omab tohutut võimu ja kuumust. Päike esindab Jumala silma ning ta liigub oma orbiidil vastavalt Jumala tahtele."

“Let me worship,” Lord Brahmā said, “the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Govinda [Kṛṣṇa], who is the original person and under whose order the sun, which is the king of all planets, is assuming immense power and heat. The sun represents the eye of the Lord and traverses its orbit in obedience to His order.”

Päike on kõikide planeetide kuningas, mille valitsejaks on päikesejumal (praegusel hetkel nimega Vivasvān) ning mis omab kontrolli kõikide teiste planeetide üle, varustades neid soojuse ja valgusega. Ta pöörleb Kṛṣṇa korralduste kohaselt ning Vivasvān oli algselt esimene Jumal Kṛṣṇa õpilane, kellele anti mõistmine „Bhagavad-gītāst". Seega pole „Gītā" mõni tähtsusetu ilmaliku õpetlase poolt kirjutatud spekulatiivne traktaat, vaid mäletamatutest aegadest meieni jõudnud autoriteetne teadmiste raamat.

The sun is the king of the planets, and the sun-god (at present of the name Vivasvān) rules the sun planet, which is controlling all other planets by supplying heat and light. He is rotating under the order of Kṛṣṇa, and Lord Kṛṣṇa originally made Vivasvān His first disciple to understand the science of Bhagavad-gītā. The Gītā is not, therefore, a speculative treatise for the insignificant mundane scholar but is a standard book of knowledge coming down from time immemorial.

„Mahābhāratas" („Śānti-parva" 348.51 – 52) räägitakse meile „Gītā" ajaloost järgmist:

In the Mahābhārata (Śānti-parva 348.51–52) we can trace out the history of the Gītā as follows:

tretā-yugādau ca tato
vivasvān manave dadau
manuś ca loka-bhṛty-arthaṁ
sutāyekṣvākave dadau
ikṣvākuṇā ca kathito
vyāpya lokān avasthitaḥ

„Tretā-yugana tuntud ajastu algul andis Vivasvān need teadmised suhetest Kõigekõrgemaga edasi Manule. Manu, inimkonna esiisa, andis need teadmised edasi oma pojale Mahārāja Ikṣvākule, planeet Maa kuningale ning Raghu dünastia – dünastia, milles sündis Jumal Rāmacandra – esiisale." Seega on „Bhagavad-gītā" inimühiskonnas eksisteerinud Mahārāja Ikṣvāku valitsemisajast.

“In the beginning of the millennium known as Tretā-yuga this science of the relationship with the Supreme was delivered by Vivasvān to Manu. Manu, being the father of mankind, gave it to his son Mahārāja Ikṣvāku, the king of this earth planet and forefather of the Raghu dynasty, in which Lord Rāmacandra appeared.” Therefore, Bhagavad-gītā existed in human society from the time of Mahārāja Ikṣvāku.

Käesolevaks hetkeks on möödunud kali ajastu, mis kestab 432 000 aastat, esimesed viis tuhat aastat. Sellele ajastule eelnes dvāpara-yuga, mis kestis 800 000 aastat, millele omakorda eelnes tretā-yuga, mis kestis 1 200 000 aastat. Seega umbes 2 005 000 aastat tagasi andis Manu „Bhagavad- gītā" teadmised edasi oma pojale ja õpilasele Mahārāja Ikṣvākule, selle planeedi kuningale. Praegu valitseva Manu eluajaks arvestatakse umbkaudu 305 300 000 aastat, millest 120 400 000 on praeguseks hetkeks möödunud. Arvestades, et enne Manu sündimist jutustas Jumal „Bhagavad-gītā" Oma õpilasele, päikesejumal Vivasvānile, võib öelda, et „Gītā" jutustati vähemalt 120 400 000 aastat tagasi. Inimühiskonnas on „Bhagavad-gītā" eksisteerinud umbes kaks miljonit aastat. Jumal jutustas selle uuesti Arjunale umbes viis tuhat aastat tagasi. Selline on hinnang „Gītā" ajaloole teose enda ja selle jutustaja, Jumal Śrī Kṛṣṇa poolt. „Gītā" jutustati päikesejumal Vivasvānile, kuna ka tema on kṣatriya ning kuna ta on kõikide kṣatriyate isa. Kõik kṣatriyad on päikesejumala järglased ehk sūrya-vaṁśa kṣatriyad. Kuid olles jutustatud Jumala Kõrgeima Isiksuse Enda poolt, on „Bhagavad-gītā" võrdväärne „Vedadega" ning seetõttu on need teadmised apauruṣeya ehk üleinimlikud. Ning kuna „Vedade" juhendusi tuleb aktsepteerida nii nagu need on, ilma igasuguste omapoolsete tõlgitsusteta, tuleb ka „Bhagavad- gītāt" aktsepteerida ilma igasuguste ilmalike tõlgitsusteta. Ilmalikud vaidlejad võivad spekuleerida „Gītā" teemadel igaüks omal moel, kuid siis pole see enam „Bhagavad-gītā" nii nagu see on. „Bhagavad-gītāt" tuleb võtta sellisena nagu see on, lähtudes teadmiste edasiandmise õpilasjärgnevusahelast, ning antud värsis öeldakse, et Jumal andis „Gītā" teadmised edasi päikesejumalale, päikesejumal oma pojale Manule ning Manu oma pojale Ikṣvākule.

At the present moment we have just passed through five thousand years of the Kali-yuga, which lasts 432,000 years. Before this there was Dvāpara-yuga (800,000 years), and before that there was Tretā-yuga (1,200,000 years). Thus, some 2,005,000 years ago, Manu spoke the Bhagavad-gītā to his disciple and son Mahārāja Ikṣvāku, the king of this planet earth. The age of the current Manu is calculated to last some 305,300,000 years, of which 120,400,000 have passed. Accepting that before the birth of Manu the Gītā was spoken by the Lord to His disciple the sun-god Vivasvān, a rough estimate is that the Gītā was spoken at least 120,400,000 years ago; and in human society it has been extant for two million years. It was respoken by the Lord again to Arjuna about five thousand years ago. That is the rough estimate of the history of the Gītā, according to the Gītā itself and according to the version of the speaker, Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa. It was spoken to the sun-god Vivasvān because he is also a kṣatriya and is the father of all kṣatriyas who are descendants of the sun-god, or the sūrya-vaṁśa kṣatriyas. Because Bhagavad-gītā is as good as the Vedas, being spoken by the Supreme Personality of Godhead, this knowledge is apauruṣeya, superhuman. Since the Vedic instructions are accepted as they are, without human interpretation, the Gītā must therefore be accepted without mundane interpretation. The mundane wranglers may speculate on the Gītā in their own ways, but that is not Bhagavad-gītā as it is. Therefore, Bhagavad-gītā has to be accepted as it is, from the disciplic succession, and it is described herein that the Lord spoke to the sun-god, the sun-god spoke to his son Manu, and Manu spoke to his son Ikṣvāku.