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TEXT 11

TEXT 11

Devanagari

Devanagari

अवजानन्ति मां मूढा मानुषीं तनुमाश्रितम् ।
परं भावमजानन्तो मम भूतमहेश्वरम् ॥ ११ ॥

Text

Tekst

avajānanti māṁ mūḍhā
mānuṣīṁ tanum āśritam
paraṁ bhāvam ajānanto
mama bhūta-maheśvaram
avajānanti māṁ mūḍhā
mānuṣīṁ tanum āśritam
paraṁ bhāvam ajānanto
mama bhūta-maheśvaram

Synonyms

Synonyms

avajānanti — deride; mām — Me; mūḍhāḥ — foolish men; mānuṣīm — in a human form; tanum — a body; āśritam — assuming; param — transcendental; bhāvam — nature; ajānantaḥ — not knowing; mama — My; bhūta — of everything that be; mahā-īśvaram — the supreme proprietor.

avajānanti — pilkavad; mām — Mind; mūḍhāḥ — rumalad inimesed; mānuṣīm — inimese kujul; tanum — keha; āśritam — omandades; param — transtsendentaalset; bhāvam — loodust; ajānantaḥ — teadmata; mama — Minu; bhūta — kõige eksisteeriva; mahā-īśvaram — kõrgeimat omanikku.

Translation

Translation

Fools deride Me when I descend in the human form. They do not know My transcendental nature as the Supreme Lord of all that be.

Rumalad inimesed pilkavad Mind, kui Ma laskun inimese kujul siia maailma. Nad ei tunne Minu transtsendentaalset loodust kõige olemasoleva Kõrgeima Valitsejana.

Purport

Purport

From the other explanations of the previous verses in this chapter, it is clear that the Supreme Personality of Godhead, although appearing like a human being, is not a common man. The Personality of Godhead, who conducts the creation, maintenance and annihilation of the complete cosmic manifestation, cannot be a human being. Yet there are many foolish men who consider Kṛṣṇa to be merely a powerful man and nothing more. Actually, He is the original Supreme Personality, as is confirmed in the Brahma-saṁhitā (īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ); He is the Supreme Lord.

Käesoleva peatüki eelmiste värsside selgitustest ilmneb, et Jumala Kõrgeim Isiksus pole tavaline inimene, ehkki Ta ilmub inimese kujul. Jumala Isiksus, kes juhib kogu kosmilise avaldumise loomist, alalhoidmist ja hävitamist, ei saa olla inimene. Ometigi on palju rumalaid inimesi, kes peavad Kṛṣṇat lihtsalt võimsaks inimeseks ja ei millekski enamaks. Tegelikult on Ta aga algne Kõrgeim Isiksus, nagu kinnitatakse ka „Brahma-saṁhitās" (īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ). Tema on Kõigekõrgem Jumal.

There are many īśvaras, controllers, and one appears greater than another. In the ordinary management of affairs in the material world, we find some official or director, and above him there is a secretary, and above him a minister, and above him a president. Each of them is a controller, but one is controlled by another. In the Brahma-saṁhitā it is said that Kṛṣṇa is the supreme controller; there are many controllers undoubtedly, both in the material and spiritual world, but Kṛṣṇa is the supreme controller (īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ), and His body is sac-cid-ānanda, nonmaterial.

Eksisteerib palju īśvarasid ehk valitsejaid, kes näivad igaüks eelmisest võimsamana. Materiaalses maailmas võime juhtidena leida ametnikke või direktoreid, kellest kõrgemale jääb mõni teine ametnik, kes omakorda allub ministrile ning viimane presidendile. Igaüks neist on valitseja, kuid keegi valitseb ka nende üle. „Brahma-saṁhitās" öeldakse, et Kṛṣṇa on kõrgeim valitseja. Nii materiaalses kui ka vaimses maailmas on kahtlemata palju valitsejaid, kuid Kṛṣṇa on kõrgeim valitseja (īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ) ning Tema keha on sac-cid-ānanda (vaimne).

Material bodies cannot perform the wonderful acts described in previous verses. His body is eternal, blissful and full of knowledge. Although He is not a common man, the foolish deride Him and consider Him to be a man. His body is called here mānuṣīm because He is acting just like a man, a friend of Arjuna’s, a politician involved in the Battle of Kurukṣetra. In so many ways He is acting just like an ordinary man, but actually His body is sac-cid-ānanda-vigraha – eternal bliss and knowledge absolute. This is confirmed in the Vedic language also. Sac-cid-ānanda-rūpāya kṛṣṇāya: “I offer my obeisances unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, who is the eternal blissful form of knowledge.” (Gopāla-tāpanī Upaniṣad 1.1) There are other descriptions in the Vedic language also. Tam ekaṁ govindam: “You are Govinda, the pleasure of the senses and the cows.” Sac-cid-ānanda-vigraham: “And Your form is transcendental, full of knowledge, bliss and eternality.” (Gopāla-tāpanī Upaniṣad 1.38)

Materiaalsete kehadega pole võimalik korda saata selliseid imepäraseid tegusid, mida kirjeldatakse eelmistes värssides. Kṛṣṇa keha on igavene, täis õndsust ja teadmisi. Ehkki Ta pole tavaline inimene, pilkavad rumalad inimesed Teda ning peavad Teda inimeseks. Tema keha kirjeldatakse sõnaga mānuṣīm, sest ta käitub inimese kombel, olles Arjuna sõber ja Kurukṣetra lahinguga seotud poliitik. Nii mõneski suhtes käitub Ta täpselt nagu tavaline inimene, kuid tegelikult on Tema keha sac-cid-ānanda-vigraha ehk igavene ning täis õndsust ja absoluutseid teadmisi. Seda kinnitatakse ka vedakirjanduses. Sac-cid-ānanda-rūpāya kṛṣṇāya: „Ma avaldan oma lugupidamist Jumala Kõrgeimale Isiksusele Kṛṣṇale, kes on igavene ning täis õndsust ja teadmisi." („Gopāla-tāpanī Upaniṣad" 1.1) Vedakirjandusest võime leida teisigi kirjeldusi. Tam ekaṁ govindam: „Sa oled Govinda, meelte ja lehmade naudingute allikas." Sac-cid-ānanda-vigraham: „Ning Sa omad transtsendentaalset, teadmisi ja õndsust täis igavest keha." („Gopāla- tāpanī Upaniṣad" 1.35)

Despite the transcendental qualities of Lord Kṛṣṇa’s body, its full bliss and knowledge, there are many so-called scholars and commentators of Bhagavad-gītā who deride Kṛṣṇa as an ordinary man. The scholar may be born an extraordinary man due to his previous good work, but this conception of Śrī Kṛṣṇa is due to a poor fund of knowledge. Therefore he is called mūḍha, for only foolish persons consider Kṛṣṇa to be an ordinary human being. The foolish consider Kṛṣṇa an ordinary human being because they do not know the confidential activities of the Supreme Lord and His different energies. They do not know that Kṛṣṇa’s body is a symbol of complete knowledge and bliss, that He is the proprietor of everything that be and that He can award liberation to anyone. Because they do not know that Kṛṣṇa has so many transcendental qualifications, they deride Him.

Hoolimata nendest Jumal Kṛṣṇa keha transtsendentaalsetest omadustest ning hoolimata sellest, et see on täis õndsust ja teadmisi, on mitmeid niinimetatud õpetlasi ja „Bhagavad-gītā" kommenteerijaid, kes pilkavad Kṛṣṇat, pidades Teda tavaliseks inimeseks. Õpetlane võib olla eelmistes eludes sooritatud hea töö tulemusena väljapaistev inimene, kuid selline arusaam Śrī Kṛṣṇast tuleneb tema teadmiste vähesusest. Seepärast on ta mūḍha, sest ainult rumalad inimesed peavad Kṛṣṇat tavaliseks inimeseks, põhjusel, et nad ei oma teadmisi Kõigekõrgema Jumala ja Tema erinevate energiate salajastest tegevustest. Nad ei tea, et Kṛṣṇa keha on täielike teadmiste ja õndsuse sümbol, et Kṛṣṇa on kõige eksisteeriva omanik, ning et Ta võib vabastada igaüht. Kuna nad ei tea nendest Kṛṣṇa paljudest transtsendentaalsetest omadustest, pilkavad nad Teda.

Nor do they know that the appearance of the Supreme Personality of Godhead in this material world is a manifestation of His internal energy. He is the master of the material energy. As has been explained in several places (mama māyā duratyayā), He claims that the material energy, although very powerful, is under His control, and whoever surrenders unto Him can get out of the control of this material energy. If a soul surrendered to Kṛṣṇa can get out of the influence of material energy, then how can the Supreme Lord, who conducts the creation, maintenance and annihilation of the whole cosmic nature, have a material body like us? So this conception of Kṛṣṇa is complete foolishness. Foolish persons, however, cannot conceive that the Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, appearing just like an ordinary man, can be the controller of all the atoms and of the gigantic manifestation of the universal form. The biggest and the minutest are beyond their conception, so they cannot imagine that a form like that of a human being can simultaneously control the infinite and the minute. Actually, although He is controlling the infinite and the finite, He is apart from all this manifestation. It is clearly stated concerning His yogam aiśvaram, His inconceivable transcendental energy, that He can control the infinite and the finite simultaneously and that He can remain aloof from them. Although the foolish cannot imagine how Kṛṣṇa, who appears just like a human being, can control the infinite and the finite, those who are pure devotees accept this, for they know that Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Therefore they completely surrender unto Him and engage in Kṛṣṇa consciousness, devotional service of the Lord.

Samuti ei tea nad, et Jumala Kõrgeima Isiksuse ilmumine siia materiaalsesse maailma on Tema sisemise energia avaldumine. Tema on materiaalse energia valitseja. Nagu korduvalt selgitatud (mama māyā duratyayā), kinnitab Kṛṣṇa, et ehkki materiaalne energia on väga tugev, on see Tema kontrolli all ning igaüks, kes alistub Kṛṣṇale, pääseb selle materiaalse energia kontrolli alt vabaks. Kui Kṛṣṇale alistunud hing pääseb vabaks materiaalse energia mõjust, siis kuidas saab Kõigekõrgem Jumal, kes juhib kogu loomet, kogu kosmilise looduse alalhoidmist ja hävitamist, omada meiega samasugust materiaalset keha? Seega on Kṛṣṇa taoline käsitlemine täielik rumalus. Rumalad inimesed ei suuda mõista, et ehkki Jumala Isiksus, Kṛṣṇa, ilmub siia maailma tavalise inimese kujul, on Ta kõikide aatomite ja kogu hiiglasliku universumi valitseja. Suurim ja vähim jäävad väljapoole nende arusaamasid, ning seetõttu ei suuda nad mõista, et inimese kehaga täpselt samasuguses kehas viibiv olend võib samal ajal kontrollida nii lõpmatut kui ka vähimat. Ning ehkki Ta kontrollib nii piiritut kui piiratut, on Ta Ise kogu avaldumisest lahus seisev. Tema käsitlematu energia (yogam aiśvaram) kohta öeldakse, et Ta suudab samaaegselt kontrollida nii piiritut kui piiratut, olles Ise nendest lahus. Ehkki rumalad inimesed ei mõista, kuidas suudab Kṛṣṇa, kes näeb välja just nagu inimene, kontrollida nii piiritut kui ka piiratut, aktsepteerivad Tema puhtad pühendunud seda fakti, sest nad teavad, et Kṛṣṇa on Jumala Kõrgeim Isiksus. Seetõttu alistuvad nad täielikult Kṛṣṇale ning rakendavad end Kṛṣṇa teadvuse arendamisse, Jumala pühendunud teenimisse.

There are many controversies between the impersonalists and the personalists about the Lord’s appearance as a human being. But if we consult Bhagavad-gītā and Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, the authoritative texts for understanding the science of Kṛṣṇa, then we can understand that Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. He is not an ordinary man, although He appeared on this earth as an ordinary human. In the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, First Canto, First Chapter, when the sages headed by Śaunaka inquired about the activities of Kṛṣṇa, they said:

Jumala ilmumine inimesena on põhjustanud suure hulga lahkarvamusi personalistide ja impersonalistide vahel, kuid pöördudes „Bhagavad-gītā" ja „Śrīmad-Bhāgavatami" poole, mis on autoriteetsed tekstid, mõistmaks teadust Kṛṣṇast, mõistame me, et Kṛṣṇa on Jumala Kõrgeim Isiksus. Ta ei ole tavaline inimene, ehkki Ta ilmus siia maailma tavalise inimese kujul. „Śrīmad-Bhāgavatami" esimese laulu esimeses peatükis esitavad Śaunaka juhitud targad küsimusi Kṛṣṇa tegevuste kohta. Nad ütlevad:

kṛtavān kila karmāṇi
saha rāmeṇa keśavaḥ
ati-martyāni bhagavān
gūḍhaḥ kapaṭa-māṇuṣaḥ
kṛtavān kila karmāṇi
saha rāmeṇa keśavaḥ
ati-martyāni bhagavān
gūḍhaḥ kapaṭa-māṇuṣaḥ

“Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, along with Balarāma, played like a human being, and so masked He performed many superhuman acts.” (Bhāg. 1.1.20) The Lord’s appearance as a man bewilders the foolish. No human being could perform the wonderful acts that Kṛṣṇa performed while He was present on this earth. When Kṛṣṇa appeared before His father and mother, Vasudeva and Devakī, He appeared with four hands, but after the prayers of the parents He transformed Himself into an ordinary child. As stated in the Bhāgavatam (10.3.46), babhūva prākṛtaḥ śiśuḥ: He became just like an ordinary child, an ordinary human being. Now, here again it is indicated that the Lord’s appearance as an ordinary human being is one of the features of His transcendental body. In the Eleventh Chapter of Bhagavad-gītā also it is stated that Arjuna prayed to see Kṛṣṇa’s form of four hands (tenaiva rūpeṇa catur-bhujena). After revealing this form, Kṛṣṇa, when petitioned by Arjuna, again assumed His original humanlike form (mānuṣaṁ rūpam). These different features of the Supreme Lord are certainly not those of an ordinary human being.

„Jumal Śrī Kṛṣṇa, Jumala Kõrgeim Isiksus koos Balarāmaga mängisid kui inimesed, saates sedasi varjatult korda mitmeid üleloomulikke tegusid." (Bhāg. 1.1.20) Jumala ilmumine inimesena ajab rumalaid inimesi segadusse. Ükski inimene pole võimeline korda saatma selliseid imepäraseid tegusid, nagu seda tegi Kṛṣṇa siin maailmas viibides. Kui Śrī Kṛṣṇa ilmus Oma isa ja ema, Vasudeva ja Devakī ette, ilmus Ta neljakäelisena, kuid pärast vanemate palveid võttis Ta tavalise lapse kuju. „Bhāgavatamis" öeldakse (10.3.46): babhūva prākṛtaḥ śiśuḥ. „Ta omandas tavalise lapse, tavalise inimese kuju." Siin kinnitatakse taas kord, et Jumala ilmumine inimesena on üks Tema transtsendentaalse keha omadustest. Ka „Bhagavad-gītā" üheteistkümnendas peatükis öeldakse, et Arjuna palus Kṛṣṇal näidata Oma neljakäelist kuju (tenaiva rūpeṇa catur-bhujena). Ilmutanud Arjuna palvel End Oma neljakäelisel kujul, võttis Ta tagasi Oma algse, inimesesarnase kuju (mānuṣaṁ rūpam). Need Kõigekõrgema Jumala erinevad omadused näitavad selgelt, et kindlasti pole Ta tavaline inimene.

Some of those who deride Kṛṣṇa and who are infected with the Māyāvādī philosophy quote the following verse from the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (3.29.21) to prove that Kṛṣṇa is just an ordinary man. Ahaṁ sarveṣu bhūteṣu bhūtātmāvasthitaḥ sadā: “The Supreme is present in every living entity.” We should better take note of this particular verse from the Vaiṣṇava ācāryas like Jīva Gosvāmī and Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura instead of following the interpretation of unauthorized persons who deride Kṛṣṇa. Jīva Gosvāmī, commenting on this verse, says that Kṛṣṇa, in His plenary expansion as Paramātmā, is situated in the moving and the nonmoving entities as the Supersoul, so any neophyte devotee who simply gives his attention to the arcā-mūrti, the form of the Supreme Lord in the temple, and does not respect other living entities is uselessly worshiping the form of the Lord in the temple. There are three kinds of devotees of the Lord, and the neophyte is in the lowest stage. The neophyte devotee gives more attention to the Deity in the temple than to other devotees, so Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura warns that this sort of mentality should be corrected. A devotee should see that because Kṛṣṇa is present in everyone’s heart as Paramātmā, every body is the embodiment or the temple of the Supreme Lord; so as one offers respect to the temple of the Lord, he should similarly properly respect each and every body in which the Paramātmā dwells. Everyone should therefore be given proper respect and should not be neglected.

Mõned neist, kes pilkavad Kṛṣṇat, olles nakatunud māyāvāda filosoofiast, tsiteerivad tõestamaks, et Kṛṣṇa on tavaline inimene, järgmist „Śrīmad-Bhāgavatami" (3.29.21) värssi: ahaṁ sarveṣu bhūteṣu bhūtātmāvasthitaḥ sadā. „Kõigekõrgem viibib igas elusolendis." Kuid mitteautoriteetsete, Kṛṣṇat pilkavate inimeste kommentaaride asemel on targem kuulata nimetatud värsi tähendust vaiṣṇava koolkonna ācāryatelt nagu Jīva Gosvāmī ja Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura. Kommenteerides seda värssi, ütleb Jīva Gosvāmī, et Oma täieõigusliku ekspansioonina Paramātmā ehk Ülihinge näol, asub Kṛṣṇa igas liikuvas ja liikumatus elusolendis. Ta lisab, et algaja pühendunu, kes pöörab tähelepanu vaid templis asuvale Kõigekõrgema Jumala kujule, arcā-mūrtile, austamata teisi elusolendeid, teenib templis asuvat Jumala kuju kasutult. Jumala pühendunud jagunevad kolme kategooriasse ning madalaimasse neist kuuluvad algajad pühendunud. Algaja pühendunu pöörab templis olevale jumalusele rohkem tähelepanu kui teistele pühendunutele ning seetõttu hoiatab Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, et selline suhtumine vajab parandamist. Pühendunu peaks nägema igat keha kui Kõigekõrgema Jumala kehastust või templit, sest Paramātmāna viibib Kṛṣṇa iga elusolendi südames, ning kõrvuti Jumala templile austuse avaldamisega peaks pühendunu samaväärselt austama ka igat keha, milles paikneb Paramātmā. Seega tuleb igaühte suhtuda väärilise lugupidamisega, kedagi ignoreerimata.

There are also many impersonalists who deride temple worship. They say that since God is everywhere, why should one restrict himself to temple worship? But if God is everywhere, is He not in the temple or in the Deity? Although the personalist and the impersonalist will fight with one another perpetually, a perfect devotee in Kṛṣṇa consciousness knows that although Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality, He is all-pervading, as confirmed in the Brahma-saṁhitā. Although His personal abode is Goloka Vṛndāvana and He is always staying there, by His different manifestations of energy and by His plenary expansion He is present everywhere in all parts of the material and spiritual creation.

On palju impersonaliste, kes pilkavad Jumala teenimist templis. Nad ütlevad, et kui Jumal on kõikjal, siis miks peaksime me Jumala teenimiseks templisse minema? Ent kui Jumal on kõikjal, kas Teda siis templis ega altaril pole? Personalistid ja impersonalistid jäävadki üksteisega igavesti võitlema. Täiuslik Kṛṣṇa teadvuses viibiv pühendunu teab aga, et ehkki Kṛṣṇa on Jumala Kõrgeim Isiksus, on Ta kõikeläbiv, nagu seda kinnitatakse „Brahma-saṁhitās". Ehkki Tema isiklik elupaik on Goloka Vṛndāvana ning ehkki Ta asub alati seal, viibib Ta samal ajal ikkagi kõikjal materiaalses ja vaimses maailmas Oma erinevate energiate avaldumiste ja Oma täieõiguslike ekspansioonide näol.