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TEXT 11

TEXT 11

Devanagari

Devanagari

अवजानन्ति मां मूढा मानुषीं तनुमाश्रितम् ।
परं भावमजानन्तो मम भूतमहेश्वरम् ॥ ११ ॥

Text

Tekst

avajānanti māṁ mūḍhā
mānuṣīṁ tanum āśritam
paraṁ bhāvam ajānanto
mama bhūta-maheśvaram
avajānanti māṁ mūḍhā
mānuṣīṁ tanum āśritam
paraṁ bhāvam ajānanto
mama bhūta-maheśvaram

Synonyms

Synonyms

avajānanti — deride; mām — Me; mūḍhāḥ — foolish men; mānuṣīm — in a human form; tanum — a body; āśritam — assuming; param — transcendental; bhāvam — nature; ajānantaḥ — not knowing; mama — My; bhūta — of everything that be; mahā-īśvaram — the supreme proprietor.

avajānanti — spotter; mām — Mig; mūḍhāḥ — tåbelige mennesker; mānuṣīm — i en menneskeform; tanum — en krop; āśritam — antager; param — transcendentale; bhāvam — natur; ajānantaḥ — idet de ikke kender; mama — Min; bhūta — af alt, som er; mahā-īśvaram — den højeste ejer.

Translation

Translation

Fools deride Me when I descend in the human form. They do not know My transcendental nature as the Supreme Lord of all that be.

Tåber håner Mig, når Jeg nedstiger i menneskelig skikkelse. De kender ikke Min transcendentale natur som den Højeste Herre over alt, der er til.

Purport

Purport

From the other explanations of the previous verses in this chapter, it is clear that the Supreme Personality of Godhead, although appearing like a human being, is not a common man. The Personality of Godhead, who conducts the creation, maintenance and annihilation of the complete cosmic manifestation, cannot be a human being. Yet there are many foolish men who consider Kṛṣṇa to be merely a powerful man and nothing more. Actually, He is the original Supreme Personality, as is confirmed in the Brahma-saṁhitā (īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ); He is the Supreme Lord.

FORKLARING: Fra forklaringerne til de tidligere vers i dette kapitel fremgår det klart, at på trods af, at Guddommens Højeste Personlighed viser Sig som et menneske, er Han intet almindeligt menneske. Guddommens Personlighed, der står bag skabelsen, opretholdelsen og tilintetgørelsen af hele den kosmiske manifestation, kan ikke være et menneske. Ikke desto mindre findes der mange uintelligente personer, der regner Kṛṣṇa for intet andet end et magtfuldt menneske. I virkeligheden er Han den oprindelige Højeste Personlighed, som det også bekræftes i Brahma-saṁhitā 5.1 (īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ). Han er den Højeste Herre.

There are many īśvaras, controllers, and one appears greater than another. In the ordinary management of affairs in the material world, we find some official or director, and above him there is a secretary, and above him a minister, and above him a president. Each of them is a controller, but one is controlled by another. In the Brahma-saṁhitā it is said that Kṛṣṇa is the supreme controller; there are many controllers undoubtedly, both in the material and spiritual world, but Kṛṣṇa is the supreme controller (īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ), and His body is sac-cid-ānanda, nonmaterial.

Der findes mange īśvaraer eller herskere, og den ene virker større end den anden. I den almindelige ledelse af tingene i den materielle verden støder vi som regel på en embedsmand eller fuldmægtig, over ham er der en departementschef, over hvem der er en minister, og over ham sidder der en præsident. De er alle hver især herskere, men den ene beherskes af den anden. Der står i Brahma-saṁhitā (5.1), at Kṛṣṇa er den højeste hersker. Der findes utvivlsomt mange herskere både i den materielle og i den åndelige verden, men Kṛṣṇa er den højeste hersker (īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ), og Hans krop er sac-cid-ānanda, ikke-materiel.

Material bodies cannot perform the wonderful acts described in previous verses. His body is eternal, blissful and full of knowledge. Although He is not a common man, the foolish deride Him and consider Him to be a man. His body is called here mānuṣīm because He is acting just like a man, a friend of Arjuna’s, a politician involved in the Battle of Kurukṣetra. In so many ways He is acting just like an ordinary man, but actually His body is sac-cid-ānanda-vigraha – eternal bliss and knowledge absolute. This is confirmed in the Vedic language also. Sac-cid-ānanda-rūpāya kṛṣṇāya: “I offer my obeisances unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, who is the eternal blissful form of knowledge.” (Gopāla-tāpanī Upaniṣad 1.1) There are other descriptions in the Vedic language also. Tam ekaṁ govindam: “You are Govinda, the pleasure of the senses and the cows.” Sac-cid-ānanda-vigraham: “And Your form is transcendental, full of knowledge, bliss and eternality.” (Gopāla-tāpanī Upaniṣad 1.38)

Materielle kroppe kan ikke gøre alle de fantastiske ting, der blev beskrevet i tidligere vers. Hans krop er evig, lyksalig og fuld af viden. Men selv om Han ikke er et almindeligt menneske, håner de tåbelige Ham og anser Ham for at være et menneske. Hans krop betegnes her som mānuṣīm, for Han handler nøjagtigt som et menneske, som Arjunas ven og som en politiker, der er involveret i krigen på Kurukṣetra. Han opfører Sig på mange måder som et ganske almindeligt menneske, men i virkeligheden er Hans krop sac-cid-ānanda-vigraha, evig lyksalighed og absolut viden. Dette bliver også bekræftet i de vediske tekster (Gopāla- tāpanī Upaniṣad 1.1) med ordene sac-cid-ānanda-rūpāya kṛṣṇāya: “Jeg frembærer mine hyldester til Guddommens Højeste Personlighed, Kṛṣṇa, der er den evige, lyksalige form af viden.” Der er også andre vediske beskrivelser. Tam ekaṁ govindam: “Du er Govinda, der giver sanserne og køerne glæde.” Sac-cid-ānanda-vigraham: “Og Din form er transcendental, fuld af viden, lyksalighed og evighed.” (Gopāla-tāpanī Upaniṣad 1.35)

Despite the transcendental qualities of Lord Kṛṣṇa’s body, its full bliss and knowledge, there are many so-called scholars and commentators of Bhagavad-gītā who deride Kṛṣṇa as an ordinary man. The scholar may be born an extraordinary man due to his previous good work, but this conception of Śrī Kṛṣṇa is due to a poor fund of knowledge. Therefore he is called mūḍha, for only foolish persons consider Kṛṣṇa to be an ordinary human being. The foolish consider Kṛṣṇa an ordinary human being because they do not know the confidential activities of the Supreme Lord and His different energies. They do not know that Kṛṣṇa’s body is a symbol of complete knowledge and bliss, that He is the proprietor of everything that be and that He can award liberation to anyone. Because they do not know that Kṛṣṇa has so many transcendental qualifications, they deride Him.

Til trods for Herren Kṛṣṇas krops transcendentale kvaliteter og fulde lyksalighed og viden er der mange Bhagavad-gītā-kommentatorer og såkaldte lærde, der nedgør Kṛṣṇa som et almindeligt menneske. Den lærde mand er måske født som et usædvanligt menneske på grund af sine tidligere gode gerninger, men denne forestilling om Śrī Kṛṣṇa er udtryk for manglende viden. Derfor kaldes han en mūḍha, for kun tåbelige personer anser Kṛṣṇa for at være et almindeligt menneske. De tåbelige anser Kṛṣṇa for at være et almindeligt menneske, eftersom de ikke kender til den Højeste Herres fortrolige aktiviteter og Hans forskellige energier. De ved ikke, at Kṛṣṇas krop er indbegrebet af komplet viden og lyksalighed, at Han er ejeren af alt, der findes, og at Han kan give alle befrielse. Fordi de ikke ved, at Kṛṣṇa besidder så mange transcendentale egenskaber, håner de Ham.

Nor do they know that the appearance of the Supreme Personality of Godhead in this material world is a manifestation of His internal energy. He is the master of the material energy. As has been explained in several places (mama māyā duratyayā), He claims that the material energy, although very powerful, is under His control, and whoever surrenders unto Him can get out of the control of this material energy. If a soul surrendered to Kṛṣṇa can get out of the influence of material energy, then how can the Supreme Lord, who conducts the creation, maintenance and annihilation of the whole cosmic nature, have a material body like us? So this conception of Kṛṣṇa is complete foolishness. Foolish persons, however, cannot conceive that the Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, appearing just like an ordinary man, can be the controller of all the atoms and of the gigantic manifestation of the universal form. The biggest and the minutest are beyond their conception, so they cannot imagine that a form like that of a human being can simultaneously control the infinite and the minute. Actually, although He is controlling the infinite and the finite, He is apart from all this manifestation. It is clearly stated concerning His yogam aiśvaram, His inconceivable transcendental energy, that He can control the infinite and the finite simultaneously and that He can remain aloof from them. Although the foolish cannot imagine how Kṛṣṇa, who appears just like a human being, can control the infinite and the finite, those who are pure devotees accept this, for they know that Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Therefore they completely surrender unto Him and engage in Kṛṣṇa consciousness, devotional service of the Lord.

De ved heller ikke, at Guddommens Højeste Personligheds åbenbaring i den materielle verden er en manifestation af Hans indre energi. Han er herskeren over den materielle energi. Som beskrevet adskillige steder (mama māyā duratyayā, Bg. 7.14) erklærer Han, at selv om den materielle energi er meget stærk, står den under Hans kontrol, og alle, der overgiver sig til Ham, kan slippe ud af denne materielle energis kontrol. Hvis en sjæl, der har overgivet sig til Kṛṣṇa, kan undslippe den materielle energis indflydelse, hvordan kan den Højeste Herre, der står bag hele den kosmiske naturs skabelse, opretholdelse og udslettelse, da have en materiel krop som os? Så denne forestilling om Kṛṣṇa er fuldkommen tåbelig. Tåbelige personer kan imidlertid ikke forestille sig, hvordan Guddommens Personlighed, Kṛṣṇa, der viser Sig som et almindeligt menneske, kan beherske alle atomerne såvel som den gigantiske manifestation af den universelle form. Både det største og det mindste ligger uden for deres fatteevne, så derfor kan de ikke forestille sig, at en form, der ligner et menneske, på samme tid kan herske over både det uendelige og det mindste. Selv om Han har kontrol over både det uendelige og det uendeligt lille, er Han i virkeligheden et helt andet sted end i denne manifestation. Det fremgår udtrykkeligt med henvisning til Hans yogam aiśvaram, Hans ufattelige transcendentale energi, at Han kan beherske både det uendelige og det uendeligt lille og samtidig forblive hævet over dem. Selv om de tåbelige ikke kan forestille sig, hvordan Kṛṣṇa, der åbenbarer Sig nøjagtig ligesom et menneske, kan beherske både det uendelige og det uendeligt lille, accepterer de, der er rene hengivne, dette, for de ved, at Kṛṣṇa er Guddommens Højeste Personlighed. Derfor overgiver de sig helt til Ham og engagerer sig i Kṛṣṇa-bevidsthed, Herrens hengivne tjeneste.

There are many controversies between the impersonalists and the personalists about the Lord’s appearance as a human being. But if we consult Bhagavad-gītā and Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, the authoritative texts for understanding the science of Kṛṣṇa, then we can understand that Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. He is not an ordinary man, although He appeared on this earth as an ordinary human. In the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, First Canto, First Chapter, when the sages headed by Śaunaka inquired about the activities of Kṛṣṇa, they said:

Der er megen polemik imellem personalister og upersonalister omkring Herrens åbenbaring som et menneske. Men hvis vi rådfører os med Bhagavad-gītā og Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, de autoritative lærebøger i forståelsen af videnskaben om Kṛṣṇa, kan vi igennem dem forstå, at Kṛṣṇa er Guddommens Højeste Personlighed. Han er intet almindeligt menneske, skønt Han viste Sig på denne jord som et almindeligt menneske. I Śrīmad-Bhāgavatams første kapitel (1.1.20) bemærkede vismændene under ledelse af Śaunaka, da de spurgte om Kṛṣṇas aktiviteter:

kṛtavān kila karmāṇi
saha rāmeṇa keśavaḥ
ati-martyāni bhagavān
gūḍhaḥ kapaṭa-māṇuṣaḥ
kṛtavān kila karmāṇi
saha rāmeṇa keśavaḥ
ati-martyāni bhagavān
gūḍhaḥ kapaṭa-māṇuṣaḥ

“Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, along with Balarāma, played like a human being, and so masked He performed many superhuman acts.” (Bhāg. 1.1.20) The Lord’s appearance as a man bewilders the foolish. No human being could perform the wonderful acts that Kṛṣṇa performed while He was present on this earth. When Kṛṣṇa appeared before His father and mother, Vasudeva and Devakī, He appeared with four hands, but after the prayers of the parents He transformed Himself into an ordinary child. As stated in the Bhāgavatam (10.3.46), babhūva prākṛtaḥ śiśuḥ: He became just like an ordinary child, an ordinary human being. Now, here again it is indicated that the Lord’s appearance as an ordinary human being is one of the features of His transcendental body. In the Eleventh Chapter of Bhagavad-gītā also it is stated that Arjuna prayed to see Kṛṣṇa’s form of four hands (tenaiva rūpeṇa catur-bhujena). After revealing this form, Kṛṣṇa, when petitioned by Arjuna, again assumed His original humanlike form (mānuṣaṁ rūpam). These different features of the Supreme Lord are certainly not those of an ordinary human being.

“Herren Śrī Kṛṣṇa, Guddommens Højeste Personlighed, legede sammen med Balarāma som et ganske almindeligt menneske, og således forklædt gjorde Han mange overmenneskelige ting.” Herrens tilsynekomst som menneske forvirrer de tåbelige. Intet menneske kan gøre de fantastiske ting, Kṛṣṇa gjorde, mens Han var på Jorden. Da Kṛṣṇa viste Sig for Sin far og mor, Vasudeva og Devakī, fremstod Han med fire arme, men på forældrenes bøn forvandlede Han Sig til et almindeligt barn. Som der står i Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (10.3.46), babhūva prākṛtaḥ śiśuḥ, blev Han til et ganske almindeligt barn, et almindeligt menneske. Nu angives det igen her, at Herrens fremkomst som et almindeligt menneske er et af trækkene ved Hans transcendentale krop. Der står også i Bhagavad-gītās kapitel 11 (vers 46), at Arjuna bad om at få Kṛṣṇas firarmede form at se (tenaiva rūpeṇa catur-bhujena). Efter at have afsløret denne form antog Kṛṣṇa atter på Arjunas anmodning Sin oprindelige menneskelignende skikkelse (mānuṣaṁ rūpam, Bg. 11.51). Disse forskellige træk ved den Højeste Herre finder man helt sikkert ikke hos et almindeligt menneske.

Some of those who deride Kṛṣṇa and who are infected with the Māyāvādī philosophy quote the following verse from the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (3.29.21) to prove that Kṛṣṇa is just an ordinary man. Ahaṁ sarveṣu bhūteṣu bhūtātmāvasthitaḥ sadā: “The Supreme is present in every living entity.” We should better take note of this particular verse from the Vaiṣṇava ācāryas like Jīva Gosvāmī and Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura instead of following the interpretation of unauthorized persons who deride Kṛṣṇa. Jīva Gosvāmī, commenting on this verse, says that Kṛṣṇa, in His plenary expansion as Paramātmā, is situated in the moving and the nonmoving entities as the Supersoul, so any neophyte devotee who simply gives his attention to the arcā-mūrti, the form of the Supreme Lord in the temple, and does not respect other living entities is uselessly worshiping the form of the Lord in the temple. There are three kinds of devotees of the Lord, and the neophyte is in the lowest stage. The neophyte devotee gives more attention to the Deity in the temple than to other devotees, so Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura warns that this sort of mentality should be corrected. A devotee should see that because Kṛṣṇa is present in everyone’s heart as Paramātmā, every body is the embodiment or the temple of the Supreme Lord; so as one offers respect to the temple of the Lord, he should similarly properly respect each and every body in which the Paramātmā dwells. Everyone should therefore be given proper respect and should not be neglected.

Nogle af dem, der håner Kṛṣṇa, og som er inficeret af māyāvādī- filosofien, citerer et vers fra Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (3.29.21) som bevis på, at Kṛṣṇa kun er et almindeligt menneske. Ahaṁ sarveṣu bhūteṣu, bhūtātmāvasthitaḥ sadā: “Den Højeste findes i alle levende væsener.” Vi gør bedre i at forstå nævnte vers fra vaiṣṇava-ācāryaer som Jīva Gosvāmī og Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura i stedet for at lytte til fortolkninger fra uautoriserede personer, der håner Kṛṣṇa. Jīva Gosvāmī skriver i sin kommentar til dette vers, at Kṛṣṇa befinder Sig i Sin fuldstændige ekspansion som Paramātmā eller Oversjælen i de bevægelige såvel som ubevægelige skabninger, så alle nye hengivne, der blot retter deres opmærksomhed mod arcā-mūrtien, den Højeste Herres form i templet, og ikke respekterer andre levende væsener, dyrker Herrens tempelform til ingen nytte. Der findes tre slags hengivne, og novicen befinder sig på det laveste trin. Begynderen viser Deiteten i templet større opmærksomhed, end han viser andre hengivne, så Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura advarer om, at en sådan mentalitet skal korrigeres. En hengiven bør se, at fordi Kṛṣṇa er til stede i alles hjerter som Paramātmā, er hver eneste krop en legemliggørelse af eller tempel for den Højeste Herre, så ligesom man viser Herrens tempel sin respekt, skal man på samme måde vise alle kroppe, som Paramātmā bor i, tilbørlig respekt. Alle skal derfor vises behørig respekt og må ikke ringeagtes.

There are also many impersonalists who deride temple worship. They say that since God is everywhere, why should one restrict himself to temple worship? But if God is everywhere, is He not in the temple or in the Deity? Although the personalist and the impersonalist will fight with one another perpetually, a perfect devotee in Kṛṣṇa consciousness knows that although Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality, He is all-pervading, as confirmed in the Brahma-saṁhitā. Although His personal abode is Goloka Vṛndāvana and He is always staying there, by His different manifestations of energy and by His plenary expansion He is present everywhere in all parts of the material and spiritual creation.

Der er også mange upersonalister, der taler nedsættende om tempeltilbedelse. De siger, at hvis Gud er overalt, hvorfor skal man så begrænse sig til at dyrke Ham i templet? Men hvis Gud er alle vegne, er Han så ikke også i templet eller i Deiteten? Selv om personalister og upersonalister bestandigt vil strides med hinanden, er en fuldendt hengiven i Kṛṣṇa-bevidsthed klar over, at skønt Kṛṣṇa er den Højeste Personlighed, er Han altgennemtrængende, som det bekræftes i Brahma-saṁhitā (5.35). Selv om Hans personlige bolig er Goloka Vṛndāvana, og Han altid opholder Sig der, er Han gennem Sine forskellige manifestationer af energi og i kraft af Sine fuldstændige ekspansioner til stede overalt i hver eneste del af de materielle og åndelige skabelser.