TEXT 2

Devanagari

श्री भगवानुवाच
कुतस्त्वा कश्मलमिदं विषमे समुपस्थितम् ।
अनार्यजुष्टमस्वर्ग्यकीर्तिकरमर्जुन ॥ २ ॥

Text

Tekst

śrī-bhagavān uvāca
kutas tvā kaśmalam idaṁ
viṣame samupasthitam
anārya-juṣṭam asvargyam
akīrti-karam arjuna

Synonyms

śrī-bhagavān uvāca — the Supreme Personality of Godhead said; kutaḥ — wherefrom; tvā — unto you; kaśmalam — dirtiness; idam — this lamentation; viṣame — in this hour of crisis; samupasthitam — arrived; anārya — persons who do not know the value of life; juṣṭam — practiced by; asvargyam — which does not lead to higher planets; akīrti — infamy; karam — the cause of; arjuna — O Arjuna.

śrī-bhagavān uvāca — Guddommens Højeste Personlighed sagde; kutaḥ — hvorfra; tvā — til dig; kaśmalam — urenhed; idam — denne sorg; viṣame — i denne nødens time; samupasthitam — ankommet; anārya — personer, der ikke kender livets værdi; juṣṭam — udøvet af; asvargyam — som ikke fører til højere planeter; akīrti — vanære; karam — årsag til; arjuna — O Arjuna.

Translation

The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: My dear Arjuna, how have these impurities come upon you? They are not at all befitting a man who knows the value of life. They lead not to higher planets but to infamy.

Guddommens Højeste Personlighed sagde: Min kære Arjuna, hvordan er disse urenheder kommet over dig? De passer sig slet ikke for et menneske, der kender livets værdi. De fører ikke til højere planeter, men til vanære.

Purport

Kṛṣṇa and the Supreme Personality of Godhead are identical. Therefore Lord Kṛṣṇa is referred to as Bhagavān throughout the Gītā. Bhagavān is the ultimate in the Absolute Truth. The Absolute Truth is realized in three phases of understanding, namely Brahman, or the impersonal all-pervasive spirit; Paramātmā, or the localized aspect of the Supreme within the heart of all living entities; and Bhagavān, or the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Kṛṣṇa. In the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (1.2.11) this conception of the Absolute Truth is explained thus:

FORKLARING: Kṛṣṇa og Guddommens Højeste Personlighed er identiske. Derfor refereres der til Kṛṣṇa som Bhagavān i hele Bhagavad-gītā. Bhagavān er det højeste aspekt af den Absolutte Sandhed. Den Absolutte Sandhed erkendes i tre stadier af forståelse, nemlig som Brahman (den upersonlige altgennemtrængende ånd), Paramātmā (den Højestes lokaliserede aspekt i hjertet på alle levende væsener) og Bhagavān, Guddommens Højeste Personlighed, Herren Kṛṣṇa. I Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (1.2.11) bliver denne forståelse af den Absolutte Sandhed forklaret som følger:

vadanti tat tattva-vidas
tattvaṁ yaj jñānam advayam
brahmeti paramātmeti
bhagavān iti śabdyate

“The Absolute Truth is realized in three phases of understanding by the knower of the Absolute Truth, and all of them are identical. Such phases of the Absolute Truth are expressed as Brahman, Paramātmā and Bhagavān.”

“Den Absolutte Sandhed erkendes i tre forståelsesstadier af den, der har kendskab til den Absolutte Sandhed, og de er alle identiske. Disse aspekter af den Absolutte Sandhed betegnes som Brahman, Paramātmā og Bhagavān.”

These three divine aspects can be explained by the example of the sun, which also has three different aspects, namely the sunshine, the sun’s surface and the sun planet itself. One who studies the sunshine only is the preliminary student. One who understands the sun’s surface is further advanced. And one who can enter into the sun planet is the highest. Ordinary students who are satisfied by simply understanding the sunshine – its universal pervasiveness and the glaring effulgence of its impersonal nature – may be compared to those who can realize only the Brahman feature of the Absolute Truth. The student who has advanced still further can know the sun disc, which is compared to knowledge of the Paramātmā feature of the Absolute Truth. And the student who can enter into the heart of the sun planet is compared to those who realize the personal features of the Supreme Absolute Truth. Therefore, the bhaktas, or the transcendentalists who have realized the Bhagavān feature of the Absolute Truth, are the topmost transcendentalists, although all students who are engaged in the study of the Absolute Truth are engaged in the same subject matter. The sunshine, the sun disc and the inner affairs of the sun planet cannot be separated from one another, and yet the students of the three different phases are not in the same category.

Disse tre guddommelige aspekter kan forklares med Solen som eksempel. Solen har også forskellige aspekter, nemlig solskinnet, solskiven og selve solplaneten. Den, der kun studerer solskinnet, er en elev på begynderstadiet. Den, der forstår solskiven, er mere avanceret. Og den, der kan trænge ind i solplaneten, er den bedste. Almindelige studerende, der nøjes med blot at forstå solskinnet – hvordan det gennemtrænger universet, og den blændende stråleglans, der udgår fra dets upersonlige natur – er de, der kun har erkendt den Absolutte Sandheds Brahman-aspekt. Eleven, der har gjort yderligere fremskridt, kan forstå solskiven, der bliver sammenlignet med viden om den Absolutte Sandheds Paramātmā- aspekt. Og eleven, der kan trænge ind i selve solplaneten, kan sammenlignes med dem, der har erkendt den Absolutte Sandheds personlige aspekt. Derfor er bhaktaerne, det vil sige de transcendentalister, der har erkendt den Absolutte Sandheds Bhagavān-aspekt, de bedste transcendentalister, selv om alle elever, der studerer den Absolutte Sandhed, beskæftiger sig med det samme emne. Solskinnet, solskiven og solplanetens indre anliggender kan ikke adskilles fra hinanden, men alligevel tilhører de, der studerer de tre forskellige aspekter, ikke samme kategori.

The Sanskrit word bhagavān is explained by the great authority Parāśara Muni, the father of Vyāsadeva. The Supreme Personality who possesses all riches, all strength, all fame, all beauty, all knowledge and all renunciation is called Bhagavān. There are many persons who are very rich, very powerful, very beautiful, very famous, very learned and very much detached, but no one can claim that he possesses all riches, all strength, etc., entirely. Only Kṛṣṇa can claim this because He is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. No living entity, including Brahmā, Lord Śiva or Nārāyaṇa, can possess opulences as fully as Kṛṣṇa. Therefore it is concluded in the Brahma-saṁhitā by Lord Brahmā himself that Lord Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. No one is equal to or above Him. He is the primeval Lord, or Bhagavān, known as Govinda, and He is the supreme cause of all causes:

Sanskritordet bhagavān er blevet forklaret af den store autoritet Parāśara Muni, Vyāsadevas fader. Den Højeste Personlighed, der besidder al rigdom, al styrke, al berømmelse, al skønhed, al viden og al forsagelse, kaldes Bhagavān. Der findes mange personer, der er meget rige, meget magtfulde, meget smukke, meget berømte, meget lærde og meget utilknyttede, men ingen kan hævde til fulde at besidde al rigdom, al styrke osv. Det kan kun Kṛṣṇa hævde, for Han er Guddommens Højeste Personlighed. Intet levende væsen indbefattet Brahmā, Herren Śiva eller Nārāyana kan besidde samme grad af overdådighed som Kṛṣṇa. Derfor konkluderer Herren Brahmā i Brahma-saṁhitā (5.1), at Herren Kṛṣṇa er Guddommens Højeste Personlighed. Ingen er jævnbyrdig med eller overgår Ham. Han er den oprindelige Herre, Bhagavān, der er kendt som Govinda, og Han er den yderste årsag til alle andre årsager:

īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ
sac-cid-ānanda-vigrahaḥ
anādir ādir govindaḥ
sarva-kāraṇa-kāraṇam

“There are many personalities possessing the qualities of Bhagavān, but Kṛṣṇa is the supreme because none can excel Him. He is the Supreme Person, and His body is eternal, full of knowledge and bliss. He is the primeval Lord Govinda and the cause of all causes.” (Brahma-saṁhitā 5.1)

“Der findes mange personer, der besidder Bhagavāns egenskaber, men Kṛṣṇa er den højeste, for ingen kan overgå Ham. Han er den Højeste Person, og Hans krop er evig, fuld af viden og lyksalighed. Han er den oprindelige Herre, Govinda, og alle årsagers årsag.”

In the Bhāgavatam also there is a list of many incarnations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, but Kṛṣṇa is described as the original Personality of Godhead, from whom many, many incarnations and Personalities of Godhead expand:

I Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (1.3.28) findes der på samme måde en liste over Guddommens Højeste Personligheds mange inkarnationer, men Kṛṣṇa bliver beskrevet som Guddommens Oprindelige Person, fra hvem mange, mange inkarnationer og Guddommens Personligheder ekspanderer Sig:

ete cāṁśa-kalāḥ puṁsaḥ
kṛṣṇas tu bhagavān svayam
indrāri-vyākulaṁ lokaṁ
mṛḍayanti yuge yuge

“All the lists of the incarnations of Godhead submitted herewith are either plenary expansions or parts of the plenary expansions of the Supreme Godhead, but Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself.” (Bhāg. 1.3.28)

“Alle fortegnelserne over Guddommens inkarnationer, der angives her, betegner enten fuldstændige ekspansioner eller dele af fuldstændige ekspansioner af den Højeste Guddom, men Kṛṣṇa er selve Guddommens Højeste Personlighed.”

Therefore, Kṛṣṇa is the original Supreme Personality of Godhead, the Absolute Truth, the source of both the Supersoul and the impersonal Brahman.

Derfor er Kṛṣṇa Guddommens Oprindelige Højeste Personlighed, den Absolutte Sandhed og ophav til både Oversjælen og den upersonlige Brahman.

In the presence of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Arjuna’s lamentation for his kinsmen is certainly unbecoming, and therefore Kṛṣṇa expressed His surprise with the word kutaḥ, “wherefrom.” Such impurities were never expected from a person belonging to the civilized class of men known as Āryans. The word āryan is applicable to persons who know the value of life and have a civilization based on spiritual realization. Persons who are led by the material conception of life do not know that the aim of life is realization of the Absolute Truth, Viṣṇu, or Bhagavān, and they are captivated by the external features of the material world, and therefore they do not know what liberation is. Persons who have no knowledge of liberation from material bondage are called non-Āryans. Although Arjuna was a kṣatriya, he was deviating from his prescribed duties by declining to fight. This act of cowardice is described as befitting the non-Āryans. Such deviation from duty does not help one in the progress of spiritual life, nor does it even give one the opportunity to become famous in this world. Lord Kṛṣṇa did not approve of the so-called compassion of Arjuna for his kinsmen.

Arjunas sorg over hans slægtninge var så afgjort upassende i tilstedeværelse af Guddommens Højeste Personlighed, og derfor udtrykte Kṛṣṇa Sin overraskelse med ordet kutaḥ, “hvorfra”. Sådanne urenheder skulle man aldrig vente at finde hos en person fra den civiliserede klasse af mennesker, der kaldes ariere. Ordet ārya anvendes om personer, der kender livets værdi og har en civilisation, der er baseret på åndelig erkendelse. Personer, der styres af den materielle livsopfattelse, ved ikke, at formålet med livet er at erkende den Absolutte Sandhed, Viṣṇu, Bhagavān, og de fortrylles af den materielle verdens ydre aspekter og er derfor heller ikke klar over, hvad befrielse er. De, der ingen viden har om befrielse fra materiel trældom, kaldes ikke-ariere. Skønt Arjuna var kṣatriya, afveg han fra sin foreskrevne pligt ved at nægte at kæmpe. Denne feje handling beskrives som noget, der kun passer sig for ikke-ariere. En sådan pligtafvigelse hjælper ikke én til at gøre fremskridt i åndeligt liv og giver heller ikke engang én mulighed for at blive berømt i verden. Herren Kṛṣṇa billigede ikke Arjunas såkaldte medfølelse med hans slægtninge.