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TEXT 16

TEXT 16

Devanagari

Devanagari

नासतो विद्यते भावो नाभावो विद्यते सतः ।
उभयोरपि दृष्टोऽन्तस्त्वनयोस्तत्त्वदर्शिभिः ॥ १६ ॥

Text

Tekst

nāsato vidyate bhāvo
nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ
ubhayor api dṛṣṭo ’ntas
tv anayos tattva-darśibhiḥ
nāsato vidyate bhāvo
nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ
ubhayor api dṛṣṭo ’ntas
tv anayos tattva-darśibhiḥ

Synonyms

Synonyms

na — never; asataḥ — of the nonexistent; vidyate — there is; bhāvaḥ — endurance; na — never; abhāvaḥ — changing quality; vidyate — there is; sataḥ — of the eternal; ubhayoḥ — of the two; api — verily; dṛṣṭaḥ — observed; antaḥ — conclusion; tu — indeed; anayoḥ — of them; tattva — of the truth; darśibhiḥ — by the seers.

na — mitte kunagi; asataḥ — mitteeksisteeriv; vidyate — on; bhāvaḥ — kestus; na — mitte kunagi; abhāvaḥ — omadusi muutev; vidyate — on; sataḥ — igavene; ubhayoḥ — kahest; api — tõesti; dṛṣṭaḥ — vaadeldav; antaḥ — järeldus; tu — tõepoolest; anayoḥ — nende; tattva — tõe; darśibhiḥ — nägijate poolt.

Translation

Translation

Those who are seers of the truth have concluded that of the nonexistent [the material body] there is no endurance and of the eternal [the soul] there is no change. This they have concluded by studying the nature of both.

Need, kes näevad tõde, on jõudnud järeldusele, et mitteeksisteeriv [materiaalne keha] pole püsiv ning et igavene [hing] ei muutu. Sellisele järeldusele on nad jõudnud mõlema olemust uurides.

Purport

Purport

There is no endurance of the changing body. That the body is changing every moment by the actions and reactions of the different cells is admitted by modern medical science; and thus growth and old age are taking place in the body. But the spirit soul exists permanently, remaining the same despite all changes of the body and the mind. That is the difference between matter and spirit. By nature, the body is ever changing, and the soul is eternal. This conclusion is established by all classes of seers of the truth, both impersonalist and personalist. In the Viṣṇu Purāṇa (2.12.38) it is stated that Viṣṇu and His abodes all have self-illuminated spiritual existence (jyotīṁṣi viṣṇur bhuvanāni viṣṇuḥ). The words existent and nonexistent refer only to spirit and matter. That is the version of all seers of truth.

Muutustele alluv keha on ajalik. Seda, et keha pidevalt muutub, areneb ja vananeb erinevate rakkude tegevuste ja vastastikuse mõju tõttu, tunnistavad ka tänapäeva meditsiiniteadlased. Kuid vaimne hing eksisteerib pidevalt, jäädes alati samaks, olenemata keha ja mõistuse muutumisest. Selles seisnebki mateeria ja vaimu erinevus. Juba oma looduse poolest on keha pidevalt muutuv ning hing igavene. Sellise järelduseni on jõudnud kõik tõenägijad, nii personalistid kui ka impersonalistid. „Viṣṇu Purāṇas" (2.12.38) kinnitatakse seejuures, et Viṣṇu ja Tema elupaigad on isevalgustuvad (jyotīṁṣi viṣṇur bhuvanāni viṣṇuḥ). Sõnad „eksisteeriv" ja „mitteeksisteeriv" tähistavad vastavalt hinge ja mateeriat. Seda kinnitavad kõik tõenägijad.

This is the beginning of the instruction by the Lord to the living entities who are bewildered by the influence of ignorance. Removal of ignorance involves the reestablishment of the eternal relationship between the worshiper and the worshipable and the consequent understanding of the difference between the part-and-parcel living entities and the Supreme Personality of Godhead. One can understand the nature of the Supreme by thorough study of oneself, the difference between oneself and the Supreme being understood as the relationship between the part and the whole. In the Vedānta-sūtras, as well as in the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, the Supreme has been accepted as the origin of all emanations. Such emanations are experienced by superior and inferior natural sequences. The living entities belong to the superior nature, as it will be revealed in the Seventh Chapter. Although there is no difference between the energy and the energetic, the energetic is accepted as the Supreme, and the energy or nature is accepted as the subordinate. The living entities, therefore, are always subordinate to the Supreme Lord, as in the case of the master and the servant, or the teacher and the taught. Such clear knowledge is impossible to understand under the spell of ignorance, and to drive away such ignorance the Lord teaches the Bhagavad-gītā for the enlightenment of all living entities for all time.

Nii algavad Jumala juhtnöörid elusolendeile, kes on teadmatusest segadusse viidud. Teadmatuse hajutamine põhineb teenri ja teenitava vaheliste igaveste suhete taaskehtestamisel, millega kaasneb Jumala Kõrgeima Isiksuse ja Tema lahutamatute osakeste – elusolendite – vaheliste erinevuste mõistmine. Jumala looduse mõistmiseni võib jõuda iseenda põhjaliku uurimise läbi, teadvustades enda ja Jumala vahelisi suhteid osakese ja terviku vaheliste suhetena. Nii „Vedānta-sūtrates" kui ka „Śrīmad- Bhāgavatamis" aktsepteeritakse Kõrgeimat kui kõikide avaldumiste allikat. Sellised avaldumised väljenduvad kõrgema ja madalama looduse hierarhiatena. Elusolendid kuuluvad kõrgemasse loodusse, nagu selgitatakse seitsmendas peatükis. Ehkki energia ja selle allikas ei erine teineteisest, peetakse allikat kõrgemaks ning energiat ehk loodust sellele alluvaks. Seepärast on elusolendid alati Kõigekõrgemale Jumalale alluvad, nii nagu teener allub isandale või õpilane õpetajale. Sellist puhast tarkust pole võimalik mõista teadmatuse nõiduse küüsis viibides. Et seda teadmatust hajutada, andis Jumal „Bhagavad-gītā" valgustavad teadmised kõikideks aegadeks kõikide elusolendite heaks.