TEXT 14

Devanagari

अधिष्ठानं तथा कर्ता करणं च पृथग्विधम् ।
विविधाश्च पृथक्‍चेष्टा दैवं चैवात्र पञ्चमम् ॥ १४ ॥

Text

Tekst

adhiṣṭhānaṁ tathā kartā
karaṇaṁ ca pṛthag-vidham
vividhāś ca pṛthak ceṣṭā
daivaṁ caivātra pañcamam

Synonyms

adhiṣṭhānam — the place; tathā — also; kartā — the worker; karaṇam — instruments; ca — and; pṛthak-vidham — of different kinds; vividhāḥ — various; ca — and; pṛthak — separate; ceṣṭāḥ — the endeavors; daivam — the Supreme; ca — also; eva — certainly; atra — here; pañcamam — the fifth.

adhiṣṭhānam — stedet; tathā — også; kartā — aktøren; karaṇam — instrumenter; ca — og; pṛthak-vidham — de forskellige slags; vividhāḥ — de forskellige; ca — og; pṛthak — adskilte; ceṣṭāḥ — bestræbelser; daivam — den Højeste; ca — også; eva — afgjort; atra — her; pañcamam — den femte.

Translation

The place of action [the body], the performer, the various senses, the many different kinds of endeavor, and ultimately the Supersoul – these are the five factors of action.

De fem faktorer, der bestemmer enhver handling, er handlingsstedet [kroppen], aktøren, de forskellige sanser, de mange forskellige former for bestræbelse og yderst set Oversjælen.

Purport

The word adhiṣṭhānam refers to the body. The soul within the body is acting to bring about the results of activity and is therefore known as kartā, “the doer.” That the soul is the knower and the doer is stated in the śruti. Eṣa hi draṣṭā sraṣṭā (Praśna Upaniṣad 4.9). It is also confirmed in the Vedānta-sūtra by the verses jño ’ta eva (2.3.18) and kartā śāstrārthavattvāt (2.3.33). The instruments of action are the senses, and by the senses the soul acts in various ways. For each and every action there is a different endeavor. But all one’s activities depend on the will of the Supersoul, who is seated within the heart as a friend. The Supreme Lord is the supercause. Under these circumstances, he who is acting in Kṛṣṇa consciousness under the direction of the Supersoul situated within the heart is naturally not bound by any activity. Those in complete Kṛṣṇa consciousness are not ultimately responsible for their actions. Everything is dependent on the supreme will, the Supersoul, the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

FORKLARING: Ordet adhiṣṭhānam refererer til kroppen. Sjælen inde i kroppen handler for at skabe resultaterne af sine handlinger, og derfor kaldes han kartā, “aktøren”. At sjælen både er kenderen og den, der handler, står der i śruti: eṣa hi draṣṭā sraṣṭā (Praśna Upaniṣad 4.9). Det bekræftes også i Vedānta-sūtra med aforismerne jño ’ta eva (2.3.18) og kartā śāstrārthavattvāt (2.3.33). Sanserne er handlingsinstrumenter, og sjælen handler på forskellige måder gennem sanserne. Til enhver handling hører der en bestemt bestræbelse. Men Oversjælen, der sidder som en ven inden i hjertet, er i sidste ende den, hvis vilje alle ens handlinger afhænger af. Den Højeste Herre er således den endelige årsag. På denne måde bliver den, der handler i Kṛṣṇa-bevidsthed under vejledning af Oversjælen i hjertet, helt naturligt ikke bundet af nogen handling. De, der er helt Kṛṣṇa-bevidste, er yderst set ikke ansvarlige for deres handlinger. Alt afhænger af den højeste vilje, Oversjælen, Guddommens Højeste Personlighed.