TEXT 18

Devanagari

ज्योतिषामपि तज्ज्योतिस्तमस: परमुच्यते ।
ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं ज्ञानगम्यं हृदि सर्वस्य विष्ठितम् ॥ १८ ॥

Text

Tekst

jyotiṣām api taj jyotis
tamasaḥ param ucyate
jñānaṁ jñeyaṁ jñāna-gamyaṁ
hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam

Synonyms

jyotiṣām — in all luminous objects; api — also; tat — that; jyotiḥ — the source of light; tamasaḥ — the darkness; param — beyond; ucyate — is said; jñānam — knowledge; jñeyam — to be known; jñāna-gamyam — to be approached by knowledge; hṛdi — in the heart; sarvasya — of everyone; viṣṭhitam — situated.

jyotiṣām — kõikides valgusallikates; api — samuti; tat — see; jyotiḥ — valguse allikas; tamasaḥ — pimedus; param — väljaspool; ucyate — öeldakse; jñānam — teadmised; jñeyam — teada olema; jñāna-gamyam — teadmiste abil lähenetav; hṛdi — südames; sarvasya — igaühe; viṣṭhitam — asetsev.

Translation

He is the source of light in all luminous objects. He is beyond the darkness of matter and is unmanifested. He is knowledge, He is the object of knowledge, and He is the goal of knowledge. He is situated in everyone’s heart.

Tema on kõikide valgusallikate valguse allikas. Ta asub väljaspool mateeria pimedust ning on mitteavaldunud. Ta on nii teadmised, teadmiste objekt kui ka teadmiste eesmärk. Ta asetseb igaühe südames.

Purport

The Supersoul, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is the source of light in all luminous objects like the sun, moon and stars. In the Vedic literature we find that in the spiritual kingdom there is no need of sun or moon, because the effulgence of the Supreme Lord is there. In the material world that brahma-jyotir, the Lord’s spiritual effulgence, is covered by the mahat-tattva, the material elements; therefore in this material world we require the assistance of sun, moon, electricity, etc., for light. But in the spiritual world there is no need of such things. It is clearly stated in the Vedic literature that because of His luminous effulgence, everything is illuminated. It is clear, therefore, that His situation is not in the material world. He is situated in the spiritual world, which is far, far away in the spiritual sky. That is also confirmed in the Vedic literature. Āditya-varṇaṁ tamasaḥ parastāt (Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad 3.8). He is just like the sun, eternally luminous, but He is far, far beyond the darkness of this material world.

Ülihing, Jumala Kõrgeim Isiksus, on kõikide valgusallikate nagu Päike, Kuu ja tähed, valguse allikaks. Vedakirjandusest saame me teada, et vaimses kuningriigis pole vajadust Päikese või Kuu järele, sest sealseid planeete valgustab Kõigekõrgema Jumala sära. Materiaalses maailmas on see Jumala vaimne sära – brahmajyoti – kaetud mahat-tattva, materiaalsete elementidega, ning seetõttu vajame me valguse saamiseks Päikest, Kuud, elektrit jne. Vaimses maailmas selliste nähtuste järele aga vajadus puudub. Vedakirjanduses öeldakse selgelt, et kõik valgustub tänu Jumala helendavale särale. Seega on ilmne, et Jumala asupaik ei ole mitte see materiaalne maailm. Ta asub vaimses maailmas, mis on meist väga kaugel vaimses taevas. Ka seda kinnitatakse meile vedakirjanduses. Āditya-varṇaṁ tamasaḥ parastāt. („Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad" 3.8) Jumal on just nagu Päike, mis levitab igavesti Enda ümber valgust, kuid Ta Ise asub kaugel väljaspool seda materiaalse maailma pimedust.

His knowledge is transcendental. The Vedic literature confirms that Brahman is concentrated transcendental knowledge. To one who is anxious to be transferred to that spiritual world, knowledge is given by the Supreme Lord, who is situated in everyone’s heart. One Vedic mantra (Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad 6.18) says, taṁ ha devam ātma-buddhi-prakāśaṁ mumukṣur vai śaraṇam ahaṁ prapadye. One must surrender unto the Supreme Personality of Godhead if he at all wants liberation. As far as the goal of ultimate knowledge is concerned, it is also confirmed in Vedic literature: tam eva viditvāti mṛtyum eti. “Only by knowing Him can one surpass the boundary of birth and death.” (Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad 3.8)

Tema teadmised on transtsendentaalsed. Vedakirjanduses kinnitatakse, et Brahman esindab transtsendentaalsete teadmiste tuuma. Sellele, kes ihaldab tõusta vaimsesse maailma, annab teadmised iga elusolendi südames viibiv Kõigekõrgem Jumal. Ühes vedalikus mantras („Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad" 6.18) öeldakse: taṁ ha devam ātma-buddhi-prakāśaṁ mumukṣur vai śaraṇam ahaṁ prapadye. Kui inimene vähegi soovib saavutada vabanemist, peab ta alistuma Jumala Kõrgeimale Isiksusele. Mis puutub lõplike teadmiste eesmärki, siis selle kohta leiame me vedakirjandusest järgmise kinnituse: tam eva viditvāti mṛtyum eti. „Üksnes Jumalat tundes on võimalik pääseda vabaks sünni ja surma ahelaist." („Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad" 3.8)

He is situated in everyone’s heart as the supreme controller. The Supreme has legs and hands distributed everywhere, and this cannot be said of the individual soul. Therefore that there are two knowers of the field of activity – the individual soul and the Supersoul – must be admitted. One’s hands and legs are distributed locally, but Kṛṣṇa’s hands and legs are distributed everywhere. This is confirmed in the Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad (3.17): sarvasya prabhum īśānaṁ sarvasya śaraṇaṁ bṛhat. That Supreme Personality of Godhead, Supersoul, is the prabhu, or master, of all living entities; therefore He is the ultimate shelter of all living entities. So there is no denying the fact that the Supreme Supersoul and the individual soul are always different.

Jumal asetseb kõrgeima valitsejana igaühe südames. Kõigekõrgema käed ja jalad asuvad kõikjal, erinevalt individuaalsest hingest. Seepärast tuleb tunnistada, et tegevusväljal on kaks tundjat: individuaalne hing ning Ülihing. Individuaalse hinge käed ja jalad saavad korraga olla ainult ühes paigas, kuid Kṛṣṇa käed ja jalad ulatuvad kõikjale. Sedasi kinnitatakse „Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣadis" (3.17): sarvasya prabhum īśānaṁ sarvasya śaraṇaṁ bṛhat. Jumala Kõrgeim Isiksus, Ülihing, on kõikide elusolendite prabhu ehk isand, ning seega on Ta ka kõikide elusolendite lõplik varjupaik. Sellest võib järeldada, et Ülihing ning individuaalne hing on alati erinevad. Seda ei saa mitte keegi eitada.