TEXT 36

Devanagari

पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्हत्वैतानाततायिनः ।
तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्सबान्धवान् ।
स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव ॥ ३६ ॥

Text

Tekst

pāpam evāśrayed asmān
hatvaitān ātatāyinaḥ
tasmān nārhā vayaṁ hantuṁ
dhārtarāṣṭrān sa-bāndhavān
sva-janaṁ hi kathaṁ hatvā
sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava

Synonyms

pāpam — vices; eva — certainly; āśrayet — must come upon; asmān — us; hatvā — by killing; etān — all these; ātatāyinaḥ — aggressors; tasmāt — therefore; na — never; arhāḥ — deserving; vayam — we; hantum — to kill; dhārtarāṣṭrān — the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; sa-bāndhavān — along with friends; sva-janam — kinsmen; hi — certainly; katham — how; hatvā — by killing; sukhinaḥ — happy; syāma — will we become; mādhava — O Kṛṣṇa, husband of the goddess of fortune.

pāpam — pahe; eva — kindlasti; āśrayet — peab osaks langema; asmān — meile; hatvā — tapmise läbi; etān — kõik need; ātatāyinaḥ — kurjategijad; tasmāt — seepärast; na — mitte kunagi; arhāḥ — vääriv; vayam — meie; hantum — tapma; dhārtarāṣṭrān — Dhṛtaraṣṭra poegi; sa-bāndhavān — koos sõpradega; sva-janam — sugulased; hi — kindlasti; katham — kuidas; hatvā — tapmise läbi; sukhinaḥ — õnnelik; syāma — muutume; mādhava — oo, Kṛṣṇa, õnnejumalanna abikaasa.

Translation

Sin will overcome us if we slay such aggressors. Therefore it is not proper for us to kill the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and our friends. What should we gain, O Kṛṣṇa, husband of the goddess of fortune, and how could we be happy by killing our own kinsmen?

Me sooritame pattu, tappes need kurjategijad. Seepärast pole õige tegu tappa Dhṛtarāṣṭra poegi ja oma sõpru. Oo, Kṛṣṇa, õnnejumalanna abikaasa, mida me küll selle läbi saavutaksime ning kuidas võiksime me omaenese sugulaste tapmise läbi õnnelikuks saada?

Purport

According to Vedic injunctions there are six kinds of aggressors: (1) a poison giver, (2) one who sets fire to the house, (3) one who attacks with deadly weapons, (4) one who plunders riches, (5) one who occupies another’s land, and (6) one who kidnaps a wife. Such aggressors are at once to be killed, and no sin is incurred by killing such aggressors. Such killing of aggressors is quite befitting any ordinary man, but Arjuna was not an ordinary person. He was saintly by character, and therefore he wanted to deal with them in saintliness. This kind of saintliness, however, is not for a kṣatriya. Although a responsible man in the administration of a state is required to be saintly, he should not be cowardly. For example, Lord Rāma was so saintly that people even now are anxious to live in the kingdom of Lord Rāma (rāma-rājya), but Lord Rāma never showed any cowardice. Rāvaṇa was an aggressor against Rāma because Rāvaṇa kidnapped Rāma’s wife, Sītā, but Lord Rāma gave him sufficient lessons, unparalleled in the history of the world. In Arjuna’s case, however, one should consider the special type of aggressors, namely his own grandfather, own teacher, friends, sons, grandsons, etc. Because of them, Arjuna thought that he should not take the severe steps necessary against ordinary aggressors. Besides that, saintly persons are advised to forgive. Such injunctions for saintly persons are more important than any political emergency. Arjuna considered that rather than kill his own kinsmen for political reasons, it would be better to forgive them on grounds of religion and saintly behavior. He did not, therefore, consider such killing profitable simply for the matter of temporary bodily happiness. After all, kingdoms and pleasures derived therefrom are not permanent, so why should he risk his life and eternal salvation by killing his own kinsmen? Arjuna’s addressing of Kṛṣṇa as “Mādhava,” or the husband of the goddess of fortune, is also significant in this connection. He wanted to point out to Kṛṣṇa that, as the husband of the goddess of fortune, He should not induce Arjuna to take up a matter which would ultimately bring about misfortune. Kṛṣṇa, however, never brings misfortune to anyone, to say nothing of His devotees.

Vedakirjanduse kohaselt on olemas kuut laadi kurjategijaid: (1) mürgitajad, (2) maja süütajad, (3) eluohtlike relvadega ründajad, (4) rikkuste varastajad, (5) teistele kuuluva maa anastajad ning (6) teise mehe naise röövijad. Sellised kurjategijad tuleb koheselt tappa ning nende tapmist ei saa pidada patuks. Selliste kurjategijate tapmist ei saa lugeda vääriti toimimiseks ka tavaliste inimeste puhul, kuid Arjuna ei olnud tavaline inimene. Tal olid pühaku omadused ning seetõttu tahtis ta ka kurjategijaid kohelda vastavalt nendele omadustele. Kuid selline pühaklikkus pole kohane kṣatriyale. Ehkki riigijuhtimises vastutavat kohta omav inimene peab omama pühaku omadusi, ei tohi ta käituda argpükslikult. Jumal Rāma oli näiteks sedavõrd pühaklik, et inimesed ihaldavad veel praegugi elada Tema kuningriigis, mida nimetatakse rāma-rājyaks, kuid Jumal Rāma ei käitunud kunagi argpükslikult. Kui Rāvaṇa oli sooritanud kuriteo Rāma vastu, röövides Rāma naise Śītā, andis Jumal Rāma Rāvaṇale sellise õppetunni, millesarnast maailma ajaloos teist ei leidu. Arjuna puhul tuleb siiski arvestada ka kurjategijate eripärast staatust – nad olid tema enda vanaisa, õpetaja, sõbrad, pojad, pojapojad jne. Sel põhjusel arvaski Arjuna, et ta ei peaks rakendama karme meetodeid, mis olid kohased tavalistele kurjategijatele. Lisaks sellele soovitatakse pühaku omadustega inimestel kõik andestada. Sellised nõuanded on pühaku omadustega inimestele suurema tähtsusega kui poliitilised vajadused. Arjuna pidas religioossest vaatenurgast ja pühaku käitumisnormidest lähtudes paremaks oma sugulastele andestada, mitte aga neid poliitilistel põhjustel tappa. Seega ei pidanud ta õigeks oma sugulaste tapmist ainult ajaliku kehalise õnne nimel. Lõppude lõpuks ei oleks ju ka lahingu võitmise läbi saavutatavad kuningriigid ja naudingud igavesed ning miks peakski ta siis riskima oma elu ja lunastuseni jõudmisega omaenda sugulasi tapma minnes? Sellega seoses on märkimisväärne, et Arjuna pöördub antud värsis Kṛṣṇa poole nimega Mādhava, viidates Temale kui õnnejumalanna abikaasale. Ta tahtis rõhutada, et Kṛṣṇa kui õnnejumalanna abikaasa ei tohiks sundida Arjunat toimima viisil, mis lõppkokkuvõttes tooks kaasa vaid õnnetust. Kuid Kṛṣṇa ei too õnnetust kellelegi, rääkimata Oma pühendunutest.