TEXT 28

Tekst

Text

dravya-yajñās tapo-yajñā
yoga-yajñās tathāpare
svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāś ca
yatayaḥ saṁśita-vratāḥ

Synonyms

dravya-yajñāḥ — som ofrer deres ejendele; tapaḥ-yajñāḥ — som ofrer gennem askese; yoga-yajñāḥ — som ofrer gennem den ottefoldige mysticisme; tathā — således; apare — andre; svādhyāya — gennem studium af Vedaerne; jñāna-yajñāḥ — som ofrer gennem fremskridt i transcendental viden; ca — også; yatayaḥ — oplyste personer; saṁśita-vratāḥ — som følger strenge løfter.

dravya-yajñāḥ — sacrificing one’s possessions; tapaḥ-yajñāḥ — sacrifice in austerities; yoga-yajñāḥ — sacrifice in eightfold mysticism; tathā — thus; apare — others; svādhyāya — sacrifice in the study of the Vedas; jñāna-yajñāḥ — sacrifice in advancement of transcendental knowledge; ca — also; yatayaḥ — enlightened persons; saṁśita-vratāḥ — taken to strict vows.

Translation

Efter at have aflagt strenge løfter bliver nogle oplyste ved at give afkald på deres besiddelser og andre ved at udføre streng askese, ved at praktisere det ottefoldige mystiske yoga-system eller ved at studere Vedaerne for at gøre fremskridt i transcendental viden.

Having accepted strict vows, some become enlightened by sacrificing their possessions, and others by performing severe austerities, by practicing the yoga of eightfold mysticism, or by studying the Vedas to advance in transcendental knowledge.

Purport

FORKLARING: Disse offerhandlinger kan inddeles i forskellige kategorier. Der findes dem, der ofrer deres besiddelser i form af forskellige slags velgørenhed. I Indien åbner rige købmænd eller fyrster forskellige velgørenhedsinstitutioner som dharma-śālā, anna-kṣetra, atithi-śālā, anāthālaya og vidyā-pīṭha. I andre lande findes der ligeledes mange hospitaler, alderdomshjem og lignende velfærdsstiftelser, der uddeler gratis mad, uddannelse og lægehjælp til de fattige. Al sådan velgørenhed kaldes dravyamaya-yajña. Der findes andre mennesker, der for at blive ophøjet i livet eller forfremmet til de højere planeter i universet frivilligt underkaster sig mange former for askese som candrāyaṇa og cāturmāsya. Disse metoder indebærer strenge løfter om at leve livet under visse strikse regler. Cāturmāsya-løftet betyder for eksempel, at aspiranten ikke barberer sig i fire måneder hvert år (fra juli til oktober), og han afholder sig fra bestemte fødevarer, spiser højst én gang om dagen og forlader ikke sit hjem. Den slags forsagelse af livets bekvemmeligheder kaldes tapomaya-yajña. Så er der dem, der engagerer sig i forskellige slags mystiske yogaer som Patañjalis system (for at blive ét med det Absoluttes eksistens) eller haṭha-yoga og aṣṭāṅga-yoga (for at opnå bestemte fuldkommenheder). Og nogle rejser til alle de hellige pilgrimssteder. Alle disse forskellige former for praksis kaldes under ét yoga-yajña eller offerhandlinger med henblik på at opnå en form for perfektion i den materielle verden. Der er andre, der engagerer sig i studier af forskellige vediske skrifter, især Upaniṣaderne og Vedānta-sūtraerne eller sāṅkhya-filosofien. Samtlige disse kaldes svādhyāya-yajña, der betyder at være engageret i offerhandlinger gennem studier. Alle sådanne yogīer er engageret med tro i forskellige slags ofringer og søger efter en højere status i livet. Kṛṣṇa-bevidsthed er imidlertid forskellig fra disse, for her er der tale om den Højeste Herres direkte tjeneste. Kṛṣṇa- bevidsthed kan ikke opnås gennem nogen af de ovennævnte former for N offer, men kun ved Herren og Hans ægte hengivnes nåde. Derfor er Kṛṣṇa-bevidsthed transcendental.

These sacrifices may be fitted into various divisions. There are persons who are sacrificing their possessions in the form of various kinds of charities. In India, the rich mercantile community or princely orders open various kinds of charitable institutions like dharma-śālā, anna-kṣetra, atithi-śālā, anāthālaya and vidyā-pīṭha. In other countries, too, there are many hospitals, old age homes and similar charitable foundations meant for distributing food, education and medical treatment free to the poor. All these charitable activities are called dravyamaya-yajña. There are others who, for higher elevation in life or for promotion to higher planets within the universe, voluntarily accept many kinds of austerities such as candrāyaṇa and cāturmāsya. These processes entail severe vows for conducting life under certain rigid rules. For example, under the cāturmāsya vow the candidate does not shave for four months during the year (July to October), he does not eat certain foods, does not eat twice in a day or does not leave home. Such sacrifice of the comforts of life is called tapomaya-yajña. There are still others who engage themselves in different kinds of mystic yogas like the Patañjali system (for merging into the existence of the Absolute), or haṭha-yoga or aṣṭāṅga-yoga (for particular perfections). And some travel to all the sanctified places of pilgrimage. All these practices are called yoga-yajña, sacrifice for a certain type of perfection in the material world. There are others who engage themselves in the studies of different Vedic literatures, specifically the Upaniṣads and Vedānta-sūtras, or the Sāṅkhya philosophy. All of these are called svādhyāya-yajña, or engagement in the sacrifice of studies. All these yogīs are faithfully engaged in different types of sacrifice and are seeking a higher status of life. Kṛṣṇa consciousness, however, is different from these because it is the direct service of the Supreme Lord. Kṛṣṇa consciousness cannot be attained by any one of the above-mentioned types of sacrifice but can be attained only by the mercy of the Lord and His bona fide devotees. Therefore, Kṛṣṇa consciousness is transcendental.